There are a number of “cookbook” astrological texts available which delineate planets through houses, signs and aspects. I find the latter most lacking.Some are too brief. Others are quite wordy, but say little. Many are excessively negative. But the majorities share the failing of seeing only one side of certain aspects. (I assume that such authors have met a limited clientele or only deal with certain issues from one perspective.)Consider, for example, a Sun-Pluto conjunction. Many books will discuss only the power-hungry, overbearing potential of this combination. A few will acknowledge the danger of repression and blocked self-esteem when individuals project their personal power into other people. Hardly any writers recognize that both possibilities are inherent within the Sun-Pluto mix. Some people, at some times in their lives, will be master manipulators, maneuvering everything for their ego aggrandizement. At other times, they will feel held in, suppressed and unable to find joy and self-expression in life. They may seek power through love or creativity. They may love power and control. They may focus on material possessions or on sensual indulgence, or on self-knowledge and self-mastery.
A major key to aspects is provided by comparing and contrasting the basic issues of each planet. In what ways are they similar? In which respects do they differ? The Sun and Pluto share a drive for power, authority and control. Thus, any aspects between them highlight the issues of competition, ambition, potency and mastery.The Sun and Pluto, however, are fire and water planets. The Sun (fire) represents an urge to express outwardly, to be joyful, to create, to do more than one has done before. Pluto (water) represents an urge to go within, to delve more deeply, to understand fully, to organize details. Depending on the time and place and on the drives symbolized by the rest of one’s chart, inward power or outward power may have more appeal. And the emphasis can and does change at different times in one’s life. We may seek to control others or ourselves, and could overdo the desire for dominance in either case.
Both the Sun and Pluto have a core focus on sensual and sexual issues. The joyous orgasmic release of the Sun, however, contrasts with the intense, compulsive focus of Pluto. Issues of letting go, of feeling safe (power eschews vulnerability) may arise, particularly in arenas of sexuality. Increasingly, as I work with aspects in natal charts, I believe that the nature of the aspects matters little and the nature of the planets involved matters a great deal. It seems worthwhile to consider the conjunction as the most basic aspect and as the underlying model for all others. In my delineations, I suggest that you read the conjunction section regardless of the aspect involved. Harmony and conflict aspects indicate tendencies toward inner agreement or inner contention, but they should not be given too much weight.
And there is always the problem of dealing with one factor or combination at a time, isolating it and taking it out of the context of the whole chart. I always feel that when I am describing the potentials of a single fragment in a chart, I should keep saying “provided the balance of the chart supports this,” or “other things being equal, whom they never are.” Of course, one cannot do that in every sentence, but please consider that the thought is implicitly included in the following material. I am currently working on a new book: Astro Essentials; planets in signs, houses and aspects. ACS Publications hopes to release it in late 1990. The following excerpt is taken from the section on aspects. Because the outer planets take many years to circle the zodiac; they can hold aspects to one another for long periods of time. Thus, millions of people may share the same aspect involving Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and/or Pluto. Such aspects point to generational themes and are less individually significant than aspects involving the faster moving bodies, Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars. A Saturn-Uranus conjunction, for example, highlights a large number of people dealing with the polarization between old and new, conservative and radical, caution and risk, stability and change, etc.
Tuesday, May 26, 2009
Planetary Mandalas
Inspired by Neil F. Michelsen’s book which came out in the summer of 1990 (Tables of Planetary Phenomena from ACS Publications in San Diego, CA), I moved the idea of creating planetary mandalas forward from the back burner. I actually started writing a planetary mandala program the evening of November 6, 1990. I have spent (and am still spending) quite a bit of time adding options and playing with it since. Below is a sample and more will be elsewhere in The Mutable Dilemma and in Asteroid-World.Planetary mandalas are a way of enjoying patterns. The technique I have used most draws straight lines between the positions on a solar system map of a pair of planets on a series of evenly spaced dates. Think of it as the diagram someone would produce by setting a timer and drawing a line between the current map placements of two planets whenever the timer goes off. The diagrams use standard (heliocentric) astronomical coordinates in the plane of the ecliptic. From this simple principle, a large variety of striking mandalas appear. The mandalas depend on the pair of planets chosen, the time between measurements, and the number of measurements.
The time between the first measurement and the last can be anywhere from a few days to several millennia. (When the mandala incorporates millennia of motion, precession is a significant factor.) The basic motions being shown are circular or elliptical. The circles or ellipses or partial arcs of the two planets’ orbits can usually be seen, but sometimes they are not both obvious and sometimes other circles are more visible. Many mandalas include star patterns with varying numbers of points, and several sorts of heart shapes also show up. Some mandalas are quite simple and straightforward, but many contain enough ambiguity or complexity to allow viewers freedom to interpret them like Rorschach inkblots. Others can contain interesting features in both figure (lines) and ground (spaces).Another type of mandala maps the apparent position of one planet as it would be seen in a coordinate system centered on another planet. Most such figures look fairly similar, with circles and retrograde loops. A few are more intriguing: Ceres and Pallas stay no farther apart than a semisextile for many years, producing a fascinating map.
Beyond their visual appeal, I think properly chosen sets of mandalas can also be used as teaching tools to help illustrate points about planetary motion. Concepts like sidereal period (time to orbit around the sun), synodic period (time for two planets to return to a particular phase angle), the mutuality of retrogrades, the difference between heliocentric and geocentric returns, precession (movement of the coordinate system against a fixed backdrop) and more can all be illustrated. Star points, horns, hooks, spikes, flares and hearts all come from changes in relative motion at various distances and phase angles. Many shapes come from harmonic relationships between the orbits of the planets (ratios between their orbital periods). The sampling interval (days between lines or points) can have a major effect on the final shapes produced. Short sampling intervals (a few days or even tens of days for outer planets) tend to produce fairly complete pictures of the overall relationship between the pair of planets chosen for the period shown, though sometimes the time period can make a significant difference.
Longer sampling intervals can produce a variety of shapes not otherwise seen. Exact harmonic divisions and multiples of both sidereal periods and synodic periods can produce interesting mandalas. Exact sidereal periods have one end of all lines going to the same point—giving either a conical effect with the longer sidereal period or a rising sun effect with the shorter sidereal period. Exact synodic periods produce mandalas in which each line represents the same heliocentric aspect (as nearly as the circularity of each orbit involved allows), with the aspect you get determined by your starting date. Intervals slightly shorter or longer than the exact multiples produce whole new sets of shapes. Almost any combination of planets, dates and intervals might produce an informative or visually interesting pattern. Since my program lets me view the mandalas on screen as I create them, I only save and print the ones I find interesting for technical or visual reasons.
There are so many possibilities that verbal descriptions just can’t do justice to the subject. We will include mandalas on any partially blank pages in this and future issues of The Mutable Dilemma to let you, our readers, see for yourselves.
The time between the first measurement and the last can be anywhere from a few days to several millennia. (When the mandala incorporates millennia of motion, precession is a significant factor.) The basic motions being shown are circular or elliptical. The circles or ellipses or partial arcs of the two planets’ orbits can usually be seen, but sometimes they are not both obvious and sometimes other circles are more visible. Many mandalas include star patterns with varying numbers of points, and several sorts of heart shapes also show up. Some mandalas are quite simple and straightforward, but many contain enough ambiguity or complexity to allow viewers freedom to interpret them like Rorschach inkblots. Others can contain interesting features in both figure (lines) and ground (spaces).Another type of mandala maps the apparent position of one planet as it would be seen in a coordinate system centered on another planet. Most such figures look fairly similar, with circles and retrograde loops. A few are more intriguing: Ceres and Pallas stay no farther apart than a semisextile for many years, producing a fascinating map.
Beyond their visual appeal, I think properly chosen sets of mandalas can also be used as teaching tools to help illustrate points about planetary motion. Concepts like sidereal period (time to orbit around the sun), synodic period (time for two planets to return to a particular phase angle), the mutuality of retrogrades, the difference between heliocentric and geocentric returns, precession (movement of the coordinate system against a fixed backdrop) and more can all be illustrated. Star points, horns, hooks, spikes, flares and hearts all come from changes in relative motion at various distances and phase angles. Many shapes come from harmonic relationships between the orbits of the planets (ratios between their orbital periods). The sampling interval (days between lines or points) can have a major effect on the final shapes produced. Short sampling intervals (a few days or even tens of days for outer planets) tend to produce fairly complete pictures of the overall relationship between the pair of planets chosen for the period shown, though sometimes the time period can make a significant difference.
Longer sampling intervals can produce a variety of shapes not otherwise seen. Exact harmonic divisions and multiples of both sidereal periods and synodic periods can produce interesting mandalas. Exact sidereal periods have one end of all lines going to the same point—giving either a conical effect with the longer sidereal period or a rising sun effect with the shorter sidereal period. Exact synodic periods produce mandalas in which each line represents the same heliocentric aspect (as nearly as the circularity of each orbit involved allows), with the aspect you get determined by your starting date. Intervals slightly shorter or longer than the exact multiples produce whole new sets of shapes. Almost any combination of planets, dates and intervals might produce an informative or visually interesting pattern. Since my program lets me view the mandalas on screen as I create them, I only save and print the ones I find interesting for technical or visual reasons.
There are so many possibilities that verbal descriptions just can’t do justice to the subject. We will include mandalas on any partially blank pages in this and future issues of The Mutable Dilemma to let you, our readers, see for yourselves.
Roots of Independence
On many occasions, among them the last USA-USSR summit in May-June 1990; President Mikhail Gorbachev blamed the Lithuanians for "proclaiming independence through one night," without well-based consideration. Nothing could be further from the truth. The struggle of the Lithuanian nation for independence began just at the moment of the country's occupation by the Red Army on June 15, 1940. The losses in this struggle were tragically enormous for a nation which had a population of about three million. Two thousand of the Lithuanian government's top officials, businessmen, politicians, journalists, and clergymen were arrested and deported to the USSR on the night of 11-12 July, 1940. An additional 34,260 persons, mostly members of Lithuania's intelligentsia, were deported from Lithuania between 14 and 18 June 1941. Anti-soviet resistance war deaths are estimated to be 50,000.
Another 260,000 were deported from Lithuania to Siberia, most of them farmers; total losses in home-grown population in the years from 1939 to 1953 were estimated as 1 million (about 140,000 Lithuanian Jews killed during the German occupation and 50,000 who emigrated to the West and to Poland (150,000) are included). Population losses in Lithuania during the war and during the postwar period could be estimated as the largest percentage losses in Europe. Those figures could explain the fact that, even 20 years after World War II, the population of Lithuania did not reach the level of 1939 (2,954,000) compared to 3.1 million in 1939 in postwar borders. The roots of Lithuania's statehood go very deeply into the history. King Mindaugas in 1253 joined all Lithuanian territories into the Lithuanian Kingdom. Until 1569, Lithuania was one of Europe's biggest powers, and defended its independence successfully from the Russians as well as from the Germans.
From 1569, Lithuania was in confederation with Poland until both countries in 1795 were occupied by Russia. After 123 years of Russian occupation, during which two unsuccessful rebellions in 1831 and 1863 took place, in 1918 Lithuania restored its independence and was a relatively prosperous European nation. It was a member of the League of Nations until World War II. In 1939. Russians and Germans signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, which caused the second Lithuanian occupation on June 15, 1940.
Therefore, it would be extremely naive to think that with such an historical heritage the Lithuanians could lose an idea of their nation's statehood. On the contrary, this idea has been alive during the past fifty years of occupation. The historical mind-set explains the victory of Sąjūdis (the Lithuanian movement for national revival) during the first free elections since 1940 to the People's Congress of the USSR. Sąjūdis, which was established only ten months before the elections, won thirty-six seats of forty-two. Among an additional sixteen deputies from organizations and creative societies, four-teen expressed their support for Sąjūdis during the first meeting of the People's Congress deputies from Lithuania in Vilnius in April 1989. In such a way, Sąjūdis got fifty of fifty-eight seats in Congress.
In addition, the Communist ideology was never popular in Lithuania. When the tragic events of 1940 began, the Lithuanians were a nation of individualists, so the ideas of vulgar collectivism did not get support. There were 287,380 private farmers in Lithuania who were well expressed individualists because of their occupations. The other large group of individuals was the Lithuanian intelligentsia. It was against these groups that the first blows of the Soviet KGB (then NKVD) were directed. The Communist Party in Lithuania hardly existed; in fact there were no more than 1499 party members, about half of them non-Lithuanians, and they had no real support in the nation. Among the delegates of the 5th Congress of the Lithuanian Communist Party in February 1941, only 30.5 percent were Lithuanians and barely half of them had any education beyond primary school. After the World War, the numbers of Lithuanian Communists grew, but a large number of them joined the Party not for ideological reasons but to ensure the best career possibilities
Another 260,000 were deported from Lithuania to Siberia, most of them farmers; total losses in home-grown population in the years from 1939 to 1953 were estimated as 1 million (about 140,000 Lithuanian Jews killed during the German occupation and 50,000 who emigrated to the West and to Poland (150,000) are included). Population losses in Lithuania during the war and during the postwar period could be estimated as the largest percentage losses in Europe. Those figures could explain the fact that, even 20 years after World War II, the population of Lithuania did not reach the level of 1939 (2,954,000) compared to 3.1 million in 1939 in postwar borders. The roots of Lithuania's statehood go very deeply into the history. King Mindaugas in 1253 joined all Lithuanian territories into the Lithuanian Kingdom. Until 1569, Lithuania was one of Europe's biggest powers, and defended its independence successfully from the Russians as well as from the Germans.
From 1569, Lithuania was in confederation with Poland until both countries in 1795 were occupied by Russia. After 123 years of Russian occupation, during which two unsuccessful rebellions in 1831 and 1863 took place, in 1918 Lithuania restored its independence and was a relatively prosperous European nation. It was a member of the League of Nations until World War II. In 1939. Russians and Germans signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, which caused the second Lithuanian occupation on June 15, 1940.
Therefore, it would be extremely naive to think that with such an historical heritage the Lithuanians could lose an idea of their nation's statehood. On the contrary, this idea has been alive during the past fifty years of occupation. The historical mind-set explains the victory of Sąjūdis (the Lithuanian movement for national revival) during the first free elections since 1940 to the People's Congress of the USSR. Sąjūdis, which was established only ten months before the elections, won thirty-six seats of forty-two. Among an additional sixteen deputies from organizations and creative societies, four-teen expressed their support for Sąjūdis during the first meeting of the People's Congress deputies from Lithuania in Vilnius in April 1989. In such a way, Sąjūdis got fifty of fifty-eight seats in Congress.
In addition, the Communist ideology was never popular in Lithuania. When the tragic events of 1940 began, the Lithuanians were a nation of individualists, so the ideas of vulgar collectivism did not get support. There were 287,380 private farmers in Lithuania who were well expressed individualists because of their occupations. The other large group of individuals was the Lithuanian intelligentsia. It was against these groups that the first blows of the Soviet KGB (then NKVD) were directed. The Communist Party in Lithuania hardly existed; in fact there were no more than 1499 party members, about half of them non-Lithuanians, and they had no real support in the nation. Among the delegates of the 5th Congress of the Lithuanian Communist Party in February 1941, only 30.5 percent were Lithuanians and barely half of them had any education beyond primary school. After the World War, the numbers of Lithuanian Communists grew, but a large number of them joined the Party not for ideological reasons but to ensure the best career possibilities
Women’s Right
Armenian Women's Rights through History
Over its 3,000 year history Armenia has survived wars, persecutions, changing borders and various political and social systems. The one stable institution throughout this change has been the family. In ancient times and still today the strength and sanctity of family ties have helped us to survive. These strong family ties have deep roots. In the first Armenian Book of Law, written by the monk Mekhitar Gosh in the fifth century AD, it is specified that men and women had equal rights and were equally responsible for the welfare of the family. Men and women acted independently within their range of duties-men as family providers and protectors, women as household and family organizers as well as transmitters of customs, traditions and moral values. Of course, this delegation of roles in the family has changed over time.
During Roman rule in Armenia, women's role in society increased and they were given more rights, such as rights to property and education. Later, during Turkish rule, these rights were taken away. By the beginning of the 19th century, the youth of wealthy families in big cities could get education in Europe and Russia. The introduction of Armenian youth to the works of European philosophers began a wave of cultural energy that awakened the national and political consciousness of Armenians. Students returned home with an agenda for their country.
Some of this new energy was for women's rights. The Declaration of Women's Rights was drafted by two representatives of the nationalist intelligentsia, the widely-read women writers Serpui Vahanian Dussap and Zabel Assadour. The stipulations of the declaration were as follows:
Equal rights for men and women.
The right of women to choose a career and to be gainfully employed.
The removal of double standards favoring men in married life.
The right of women to higher education as a means of improving child rearing.
The right of women to participate equally in community activities.
Elimination of the custom of the dowry.
Respect for ethnic values and traditions and acceptance of modern liberal education that enhances and strengthens national identity and develops civic consciousness. Respect for women's role in protecting the nation and transmitting its culture. This declaration was more than merely slogans. The most basic philosophy of the declaration is that education and equal rights serve the family and the nation. The idea that educated women are the wealth of society and pass their knowledge and values to their children is in the heritage of these women writers.
During the many periods of upheaval in Armenian history, the role of women in society greatly increased, and gender discrimination gave way to true equality. While not demanding specific rights, Armenian women took the role of supporting husbands, brothers, and fathers and collecting and transmitting national culture and traditions; they also established schools and orphanages.sWhile Armenian society remains patriarchal, the acceptance of gender equality has grown. It is interesting to note that the main articles of the Declaration of Women's Rights written by Dussap and Assadour are similar to the articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights written almost 50 years later. They also resemble the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which was ratified by Armenia 100 years later.
Over its 3,000 year history Armenia has survived wars, persecutions, changing borders and various political and social systems. The one stable institution throughout this change has been the family. In ancient times and still today the strength and sanctity of family ties have helped us to survive. These strong family ties have deep roots. In the first Armenian Book of Law, written by the monk Mekhitar Gosh in the fifth century AD, it is specified that men and women had equal rights and were equally responsible for the welfare of the family. Men and women acted independently within their range of duties-men as family providers and protectors, women as household and family organizers as well as transmitters of customs, traditions and moral values. Of course, this delegation of roles in the family has changed over time.
During Roman rule in Armenia, women's role in society increased and they were given more rights, such as rights to property and education. Later, during Turkish rule, these rights were taken away. By the beginning of the 19th century, the youth of wealthy families in big cities could get education in Europe and Russia. The introduction of Armenian youth to the works of European philosophers began a wave of cultural energy that awakened the national and political consciousness of Armenians. Students returned home with an agenda for their country.
Some of this new energy was for women's rights. The Declaration of Women's Rights was drafted by two representatives of the nationalist intelligentsia, the widely-read women writers Serpui Vahanian Dussap and Zabel Assadour. The stipulations of the declaration were as follows:
Equal rights for men and women.
The right of women to choose a career and to be gainfully employed.
The removal of double standards favoring men in married life.
The right of women to higher education as a means of improving child rearing.
The right of women to participate equally in community activities.
Elimination of the custom of the dowry.
Respect for ethnic values and traditions and acceptance of modern liberal education that enhances and strengthens national identity and develops civic consciousness. Respect for women's role in protecting the nation and transmitting its culture. This declaration was more than merely slogans. The most basic philosophy of the declaration is that education and equal rights serve the family and the nation. The idea that educated women are the wealth of society and pass their knowledge and values to their children is in the heritage of these women writers.
During the many periods of upheaval in Armenian history, the role of women in society greatly increased, and gender discrimination gave way to true equality. While not demanding specific rights, Armenian women took the role of supporting husbands, brothers, and fathers and collecting and transmitting national culture and traditions; they also established schools and orphanages.sWhile Armenian society remains patriarchal, the acceptance of gender equality has grown. It is interesting to note that the main articles of the Declaration of Women's Rights written by Dussap and Assadour are similar to the articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights written almost 50 years later. They also resemble the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which was ratified by Armenia 100 years later.
Lives of Women
It is almost as if people with disabilities are alien beings who inhabit one of those alternative universes, the existence of which scientists have begun to postulate recently (4), and an impenetrable, unknowable shadow universe where the ordinary conventions of human society do not apply. There are a number of reasons for the continuing tendency to relegate persons with disabilities to this shadow universe, a tendency which is as well entrenched in the women's movement as anywhere else, but they all ultimately derive from the way in which society has always viewed disability as alienating, as being a 'handicap' which prevents a person from leading a fulfilling and useful life.
There is a widely held belief that the mere fact of having a disability is the cause of all a person's problems. This is simply not true in the majority of cases. A disability may be uncomfortable to carry about, but it does not of itself constitute a handicap. The handicap arises from the barriers which people with disabilities encounter in the social milieu in which they live. Melbourne disability rights activist Fiona Strahan stated this proposition very clearly in her address to an International Women's Day rally in 1989:"It (disability) is not a medical problem. Nor is able-ism just a set of prejudicial ideas about disabled people......Our societal position has been shaped by history and is inextricably woven into the fabric of our culture. There is no reason to assume that medical conditions or physical, emotional or intellectual differences are disabilities or that they should be necessarily stigmatising".
In Strahan's view, the marginalisation of people with disabilities derives from the period of the industrial revolution, when they began to be regarded as useless for generating productivity and hence profits, like broken machines. This is compounded by the exaggerated individualism of modern western society where it is almost a crime not to be self-sufficient and independent. She concludes: Disability keeps being regarded as problematic for society, not as a socially constructed problem. There is some support for Strahan's argument in the format of the Australian Bureau of Statistics publication Disability and Handicap, which provides statistics on the number of persons with disabilities in Australia and their educational, employment and residential status. The publication distinguishes between people who have a disability and people who are 'handicapped'.
In many cases limitations in these areas are not so much a result of the disability per se, but a function of the environment in which the person has to operate. For example, mobility may not be so much of a problem where there is adequate public transport, or where there are wheelchair accessible buildings; schooling may not be a problem where there are sufficient teachers trained to assist the child with a disability. It might be more appropriate for the community to request its statisticians to tabulate the number of people with a disability who experience barriers to their day to day activities. Such an approach would automatically focus attention on the way society functions in relation to people with disabilities, rather than implying that there is a class of person who is invariably 'handicapped' irrespective of the social milieu in which they live.
There is a widely held belief that the mere fact of having a disability is the cause of all a person's problems. This is simply not true in the majority of cases. A disability may be uncomfortable to carry about, but it does not of itself constitute a handicap. The handicap arises from the barriers which people with disabilities encounter in the social milieu in which they live. Melbourne disability rights activist Fiona Strahan stated this proposition very clearly in her address to an International Women's Day rally in 1989:"It (disability) is not a medical problem. Nor is able-ism just a set of prejudicial ideas about disabled people......Our societal position has been shaped by history and is inextricably woven into the fabric of our culture. There is no reason to assume that medical conditions or physical, emotional or intellectual differences are disabilities or that they should be necessarily stigmatising".
In Strahan's view, the marginalisation of people with disabilities derives from the period of the industrial revolution, when they began to be regarded as useless for generating productivity and hence profits, like broken machines. This is compounded by the exaggerated individualism of modern western society where it is almost a crime not to be self-sufficient and independent. She concludes: Disability keeps being regarded as problematic for society, not as a socially constructed problem. There is some support for Strahan's argument in the format of the Australian Bureau of Statistics publication Disability and Handicap, which provides statistics on the number of persons with disabilities in Australia and their educational, employment and residential status. The publication distinguishes between people who have a disability and people who are 'handicapped'.
In many cases limitations in these areas are not so much a result of the disability per se, but a function of the environment in which the person has to operate. For example, mobility may not be so much of a problem where there is adequate public transport, or where there are wheelchair accessible buildings; schooling may not be a problem where there are sufficient teachers trained to assist the child with a disability. It might be more appropriate for the community to request its statisticians to tabulate the number of people with a disability who experience barriers to their day to day activities. Such an approach would automatically focus attention on the way society functions in relation to people with disabilities, rather than implying that there is a class of person who is invariably 'handicapped' irrespective of the social milieu in which they live.
OAKLAND MEN
The women’s movement and a 1978 national conference in SanFrancisco on violence against women were our immediate Inspirations. For years, women’s groups had been responding to the needs of women survivors of male violence by operatingshelters and rape crisis centers. One result of this organizing was to
Make the public aware of the tremendous need for shelter, counseling, advocacy, and legal intervention. During this periodthe devastating effects of the violence on women, children, andeven on men became more and more visible.Some men began to see that we could no longer discount sexual harassment, battery, and rape as women’s problems.
These were clearly part of a nationwide social problem. We could see that the effects of past violence and the threat of future violence was keeping women off the shop floor, out of the corporate office, and out of public office. It was keeping them in dangerous marriages and in poverty. Some women said, “You’re doing the violence. You are men. Take responsibility for your actions and address other men
There was a lot of attention paid to the question, “Why are men violent? “Some people argued that men are unalterably gressive because of their genes, hormones, chromosomes, or just because all males are “that way.” None of these “theories” had any scientific legitimacy, however. Male behavior is immeasurably variable. Most feminists wanted to hold men responsible for their actions and looked to male power and male socialization as sources of male violence. The huge amount of violence promoted in popular
Culture led them to the conclusion that boys learn male roles, and violent behavior was part of that learning.
Women were hurting from the violence. They were angry at the men who committed violence and the men who condoned it by their silence. We assimilated much of their anger. Partly motivated by self-hatred, we took the anger directed toward us and directed it at other men for not seeing what was happening to women. We used that anger to encourage other.
Make the public aware of the tremendous need for shelter, counseling, advocacy, and legal intervention. During this periodthe devastating effects of the violence on women, children, andeven on men became more and more visible.Some men began to see that we could no longer discount sexual harassment, battery, and rape as women’s problems.
These were clearly part of a nationwide social problem. We could see that the effects of past violence and the threat of future violence was keeping women off the shop floor, out of the corporate office, and out of public office. It was keeping them in dangerous marriages and in poverty. Some women said, “You’re doing the violence. You are men. Take responsibility for your actions and address other men
There was a lot of attention paid to the question, “Why are men violent? “Some people argued that men are unalterably gressive because of their genes, hormones, chromosomes, or just because all males are “that way.” None of these “theories” had any scientific legitimacy, however. Male behavior is immeasurably variable. Most feminists wanted to hold men responsible for their actions and looked to male power and male socialization as sources of male violence. The huge amount of violence promoted in popular
Culture led them to the conclusion that boys learn male roles, and violent behavior was part of that learning.
Women were hurting from the violence. They were angry at the men who committed violence and the men who condoned it by their silence. We assimilated much of their anger. Partly motivated by self-hatred, we took the anger directed toward us and directed it at other men for not seeing what was happening to women. We used that anger to encourage other.
Atomic Bomb
On August 2, 1939, just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote to then President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Einstein and several other scientists told Roosevelt of efforts in Nazi Germany to purify uranium-235, which could be used to build an atomic bomb. It was shortly thereafter that the United States Government began the serious undertaking known then only as "The Manhattan Project." Simply put, the Manhattan Project was committed to expediting research that would produce a viable atomic bomb.
A massive enrichment laboratory/plant was constructed at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Harold Urey and his colleagues at Columbia University devised an extraction system that worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion, and Ernest Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes. Next, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the lighter U-235 from the heavier, non-fissionable U-238. Once all of these procedures had been completed, all that needed to be done was to put to the test the entire concept behind atomic fission ("splitting the atom," in layman's terms).
The most complicated issue to be addressed in making of an atomic bomb was the production of ample amounts of "enriched" uranium to sustain a chain reaction. At the time, uranium-235 was very hard to extract. In fact, the ratio of conversion from uranium ore to uranium metal is 500:1. Compounding this, the one part of uranium that is finally refined from the ore is over 99% uranium-238, which is practically useless for an atomic bomb. To make the task even more difficult, the useful U-235 and nearly useless U-238 are isotopes, nearly identical in their chemical makeup. No ordinary chemical extraction method could separate them; only mechanical methods could work.
At 5:29:45 (Mountain War Time) on July 16, 1945, in a white blaze that stretched from the basin of the Jemez Mountains in northern New Mexico to the still-dark skies, "The Gadget" ushered in the Atomic Age. The light of the explosion then turned orange as the atomic fireball began shooting upwards at 360 feet per second, reddening and pulsing as it cooled. The characteristic mushroom cloud of radioactive vapor materialized at 30,000 feet. Beneath the cloud, all that remained of the soil at the blast site were fragments of jade green radioactive glass created by the heat of the reaction. The brilliant light from the detonation pierced the early morning skies with such intensity that residents from a faraway neighboring community would swear that the sun came up twice that day. Even more astonishing is that a blind girl saw the flash 120 miles away.
Upon witnessing the explosion, its creators had mixed reactions. Isidor Rabi felt that the equilibrium in nature had been upset as if humankind had become a threat to the world it inhabited. Robert Oppenheimer, though ecstatic about the success of the project, quoted a remembered fragment from the Bhagavad Gita. "I am become Death," he said, "the destroyer of worlds." Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer, "Now we're all sons of bitches." After viewing the results several participants signed petitions against loosing the monster they had created, but their protests fell on deaf ears. The Jornada del Muerto of New Mexico would not be the last site on planet Earth to experience an atomic explosion.
A massive enrichment laboratory/plant was constructed at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Harold Urey and his colleagues at Columbia University devised an extraction system that worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion, and Ernest Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes. Next, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the lighter U-235 from the heavier, non-fissionable U-238. Once all of these procedures had been completed, all that needed to be done was to put to the test the entire concept behind atomic fission ("splitting the atom," in layman's terms).
The most complicated issue to be addressed in making of an atomic bomb was the production of ample amounts of "enriched" uranium to sustain a chain reaction. At the time, uranium-235 was very hard to extract. In fact, the ratio of conversion from uranium ore to uranium metal is 500:1. Compounding this, the one part of uranium that is finally refined from the ore is over 99% uranium-238, which is practically useless for an atomic bomb. To make the task even more difficult, the useful U-235 and nearly useless U-238 are isotopes, nearly identical in their chemical makeup. No ordinary chemical extraction method could separate them; only mechanical methods could work.
At 5:29:45 (Mountain War Time) on July 16, 1945, in a white blaze that stretched from the basin of the Jemez Mountains in northern New Mexico to the still-dark skies, "The Gadget" ushered in the Atomic Age. The light of the explosion then turned orange as the atomic fireball began shooting upwards at 360 feet per second, reddening and pulsing as it cooled. The characteristic mushroom cloud of radioactive vapor materialized at 30,000 feet. Beneath the cloud, all that remained of the soil at the blast site were fragments of jade green radioactive glass created by the heat of the reaction. The brilliant light from the detonation pierced the early morning skies with such intensity that residents from a faraway neighboring community would swear that the sun came up twice that day. Even more astonishing is that a blind girl saw the flash 120 miles away.
Upon witnessing the explosion, its creators had mixed reactions. Isidor Rabi felt that the equilibrium in nature had been upset as if humankind had become a threat to the world it inhabited. Robert Oppenheimer, though ecstatic about the success of the project, quoted a remembered fragment from the Bhagavad Gita. "I am become Death," he said, "the destroyer of worlds." Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer, "Now we're all sons of bitches." After viewing the results several participants signed petitions against loosing the monster they had created, but their protests fell on deaf ears. The Jornada del Muerto of New Mexico would not be the last site on planet Earth to experience an atomic explosion.
Flight
The discovery of the kite that could fly in the air by the Chinese started humans thinking about flying. Kites were used by the Chinese in religious ceremonies. They built many colorful kites for fun, also. More sophisticated kites were used to test weather conditions. Kites have been important to the invention of flight as they were the forerunner to balloons and gliders. For many centuries, humans have tried to fly just like the birds and have studied the flight of birds. Wings made of feathers or light weight wood has been attached to arms to test their ability to fly. The results were often disastrous as the muscles of the human arms are not like a bird and cannot move with the strength of a bird.
The ancient Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria, worked with air pressure and steam to create sources of power. One experiment that he developed was the aeolipile which used jets of steam to create rotary motion. Hero mounted a sphere on top of a water kettle. A fire below the kettle turned the water into steam, and the gas traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere allowed the gas to escape, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. The importance of the aeolipile is that it marks the start of engine invention - engine created movement will later prove essential in the history of flight.
Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480's. He had over 100 drawings that illustrated his theories on bird and mechanical flight. The drawings illustrated the wings and tails of birds, ideas for man carrying machines, and devices for the testing of wings. The Ornithopter flying machine was never actually created. It was a design that Leonardo da Vinci created to show how man could fly. The modern day helicopter is based on this concept. Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks on flight were reexamined in the 19th century by aviation pioneers. Sir George Cayley is considered the father of aerodynamics. Cayley experimented with wing design, distinguished between lift and drag, and formulated the concepts of vertical tail surfaces, steering rudders, rear elevators, and air screws. George Cayley worked to discover a way that man could fly. Cayley designed many different versions of gliders that used the movements of the body to control. A young boy, whose name is not known, was the first to fly one of Cayley's gliders, the first glider capable of carrying a human.
For over 50 years, George Cayley made improvements to his gliders. Cayley changed the shape of the wings so that the air would flow over the wings correctly. Cayley designed a tail for the gliders to help with the stability. He tried a biplane design to add strength to the glider. George Cayley also recognized that there would be a need for machine power if the flight was to be in the air for a long time. George Cayley wrote "On Ariel Navigation" that showed that a fixed wing aircraft with a power system for propulsion, and a tail to assist in the control of the airplane, would be the best way to allow man to fly.
The ancient Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria, worked with air pressure and steam to create sources of power. One experiment that he developed was the aeolipile which used jets of steam to create rotary motion. Hero mounted a sphere on top of a water kettle. A fire below the kettle turned the water into steam, and the gas traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere allowed the gas to escape, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. The importance of the aeolipile is that it marks the start of engine invention - engine created movement will later prove essential in the history of flight.
Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480's. He had over 100 drawings that illustrated his theories on bird and mechanical flight. The drawings illustrated the wings and tails of birds, ideas for man carrying machines, and devices for the testing of wings. The Ornithopter flying machine was never actually created. It was a design that Leonardo da Vinci created to show how man could fly. The modern day helicopter is based on this concept. Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks on flight were reexamined in the 19th century by aviation pioneers. Sir George Cayley is considered the father of aerodynamics. Cayley experimented with wing design, distinguished between lift and drag, and formulated the concepts of vertical tail surfaces, steering rudders, rear elevators, and air screws. George Cayley worked to discover a way that man could fly. Cayley designed many different versions of gliders that used the movements of the body to control. A young boy, whose name is not known, was the first to fly one of Cayley's gliders, the first glider capable of carrying a human.
For over 50 years, George Cayley made improvements to his gliders. Cayley changed the shape of the wings so that the air would flow over the wings correctly. Cayley designed a tail for the gliders to help with the stability. He tried a biplane design to add strength to the glider. George Cayley also recognized that there would be a need for machine power if the flight was to be in the air for a long time. George Cayley wrote "On Ariel Navigation" that showed that a fixed wing aircraft with a power system for propulsion, and a tail to assist in the control of the airplane, would be the best way to allow man to fly.
Industrial
Incepted in 1990, Chennai based Shriram Industrial Bearings acknowledged for supplying and dealing in various types of Industrial Bearings such as Ball Bearings, Needle Roller Bearings, Spherical Roller Bearings, Taper Roller Bearings, and Cylindrical Roller Bearings. Led by Mr. Venkatesh (Proprietor) having extensive experience of more than two decades, the company has created a hallmark of excellence in this business sphere. Suppliers of Crane Accessories for various make of EOT Cranes, Electric Hoists, Gantry Cranes, Jib Cranes, Complete Spares for HOMECH (Hoist-O-Mech) and similar Conical Rotor Hoists, Industrial Brakes & Clutches, Brake Linings, Cable Trolleys, Cable Carriers, Cable Reeling Drums and Servicing of Hoists & EOT Cranes.
POWERMECH ENGINEERING was incorporated in the year 1997 for serving industries with Industrial Brakes & Crane Spares (Mechanical & Electrical) for all leading makes of Electric Hoists & EOT Cranes.
We have earned a strong name in this mode of operation in the market because of our effective services for different make of Hoists & Cranes, identifying the required Spare Parts/make/type, supplying them in time and providing after sales service have made us a highly reliable supplier. In addition, Crane components, Brakes, Clutches, Brake Linings are supplied against our inspection (or) as per customer’s sketch/drawing (or) used samples on returnable basis. Quality conscious customers like Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Ashok Leyland Ltd, Brakes India Ltd, Madras Cements Ltd, Audco India Ltd, Ministry of Defence, Southern Railways, MRF Ltd, Tube Investments of India Ltd, etc. have reposed their confidence in POWERMECH and have shown their appreciation by way of repeat orders.
Came into effect in the year 1998, Chennai Cable Corporation has obtained entire appreciation of clients for supplying and dealing in premier quality HT/LT industrial aluminum and copper cables, flexible cables, copper house wiring cables, signal cables, panel board accessories, electrical fittings, joint kits, cable accessories, and many more. The company is empowered with a well-experienced and qualified workforce engaged in attending and resolving all types of queries of customers regarding the products to be supplied. They ensure hundred percent timely deliveries of the items with the commitment of excellent quality at competitive prices. Although, there are innumerable companies offering such products in the market.
The industrial possibilities in Chennai district has to be assessed not only based on the resources and demand prospects within the district but on a broad frame work of agriculture products and other resources coming to the main markets in the city from the other districts of the States where there is very limited storing and marketing facilities. While studying the new industrial possibilities wider perspective has been kept in view and efforts have been made to include items of requirements of the neighbouring districts, States, national and international markets also, rather than depending on the districts potentialities alone. The possibility of setting up ancillary units to large/medium scale units and the possibility of utilizing bye products/industrial waste also have been examined and efforts made to suggest new industries.It may however be mentioned here that success of any attempt to promote any industry has to be backed up with a pragmatic programme to motivate and promote entrepreneurship and follow up the same with continuous assistance programme by the agencies/departments connected with the development of small industries. To guide the prospective entrepreneurs the agencies connected with the development of small industries are given as Annexure 2, 3 and 4 of the report. Scope for setting up industries in Tamilnadu/Chennai district has been increased tremendously because of number of steps taken by the government of India/Tamilnadu government to boost the development of industry in the State. In recent past, a number of incentives have been announced by the government and all procedures and formalities have been simplified. Our 10th Five year plan is to commence from 1st April 2002. It is going to lay greater emphasis on the development of agriculture and allied activities as well as on infrastructure especially power, road, and rail transport and communications.
POWERMECH ENGINEERING was incorporated in the year 1997 for serving industries with Industrial Brakes & Crane Spares (Mechanical & Electrical) for all leading makes of Electric Hoists & EOT Cranes.
We have earned a strong name in this mode of operation in the market because of our effective services for different make of Hoists & Cranes, identifying the required Spare Parts/make/type, supplying them in time and providing after sales service have made us a highly reliable supplier. In addition, Crane components, Brakes, Clutches, Brake Linings are supplied against our inspection (or) as per customer’s sketch/drawing (or) used samples on returnable basis. Quality conscious customers like Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Ashok Leyland Ltd, Brakes India Ltd, Madras Cements Ltd, Audco India Ltd, Ministry of Defence, Southern Railways, MRF Ltd, Tube Investments of India Ltd, etc. have reposed their confidence in POWERMECH and have shown their appreciation by way of repeat orders.
Came into effect in the year 1998, Chennai Cable Corporation has obtained entire appreciation of clients for supplying and dealing in premier quality HT/LT industrial aluminum and copper cables, flexible cables, copper house wiring cables, signal cables, panel board accessories, electrical fittings, joint kits, cable accessories, and many more. The company is empowered with a well-experienced and qualified workforce engaged in attending and resolving all types of queries of customers regarding the products to be supplied. They ensure hundred percent timely deliveries of the items with the commitment of excellent quality at competitive prices. Although, there are innumerable companies offering such products in the market.
The industrial possibilities in Chennai district has to be assessed not only based on the resources and demand prospects within the district but on a broad frame work of agriculture products and other resources coming to the main markets in the city from the other districts of the States where there is very limited storing and marketing facilities. While studying the new industrial possibilities wider perspective has been kept in view and efforts have been made to include items of requirements of the neighbouring districts, States, national and international markets also, rather than depending on the districts potentialities alone. The possibility of setting up ancillary units to large/medium scale units and the possibility of utilizing bye products/industrial waste also have been examined and efforts made to suggest new industries.It may however be mentioned here that success of any attempt to promote any industry has to be backed up with a pragmatic programme to motivate and promote entrepreneurship and follow up the same with continuous assistance programme by the agencies/departments connected with the development of small industries. To guide the prospective entrepreneurs the agencies connected with the development of small industries are given as Annexure 2, 3 and 4 of the report. Scope for setting up industries in Tamilnadu/Chennai district has been increased tremendously because of number of steps taken by the government of India/Tamilnadu government to boost the development of industry in the State. In recent past, a number of incentives have been announced by the government and all procedures and formalities have been simplified. Our 10th Five year plan is to commence from 1st April 2002. It is going to lay greater emphasis on the development of agriculture and allied activities as well as on infrastructure especially power, road, and rail transport and communications.
Tamil Stories
The short story format originated from Europe. The Tamil world believes that the short stories in Tamil can be traced back to the seventeenth century to 'Paramartha Kurunkathai' a transition from the classical Tamil poetry. V.V.S. Iyer started a new trend in the 1880s giving the short stories its profound form.
Pudumaipithan started the next stage of Tamil short stories and many other writers came out with brilliant stories in Tamil. Pudumaipithan, Ku.Pa. Ra and P.S.Ramaiya and their contemporaries have written many stories that are today popular format with the Tamil literary circles and readers as the short story format.
Pudumaipithan: Pudumaipithan’s stories carried messages for the society. His sincerely expressed his concern for the society and depicted the misery as well as drama in our lives. He wrote about the human relationships, their aspirations and life in general looked at closely. His 'Ponnagaram' was considered beyond the grasp of readers. He dealt with a wide array of subjects in his stories while also experimenting with the art of story telling. His writing included sarcasm and wit and the stories appeared natural and realistic. The examples like 'Kodukkapuli Maram' and 'Naasakkaara Gumbal' bring out the above qualities of his writing. He has deftly used the dialects of Madras or Tirunelveli in his stories as appropriate. His writings reflected the influence of foreign writers like Maupassant, Nathaniel Hawthorne and others in the western world. He has penned over 150 short stories in Tamil.
T.Janakiraman:T.Janakiraman's short stories brought the vagaries in the lives of people wonderfully and people could identify them with the characters.
Jayakanthan: Jayakanthan had written many outstanding stories some of which went on to be filmed later on. Most of his stories were published by Ananda Vikatan. While working in the office of 'Janasakthi' he developed a liking for Tamil literature and writing in Tamil. His stories were mostly about the people from the people living in the slums or extremely poor people.
N.Pichamoorthy: Pichamoorthy is a well known writer of Tamil short stories. 'Mannasai' is one of his popular short stories.
Sujatha: Sujatha is the pen name of S.Rangarajan who has written over 100 Tamil novels and 250 short stories in Tamil. His style of writing earned him a wide readership. His science fiction is said to be a pioneering work in Tamil. He could unravel science in his own inimitable simple words that can be understood by all. 'Aathma' is a short story which is a thrilling narration of a day in a computer engineer's life. Suri had made the computer the ability to predict the future giving it a set of rules that can observe the planetary positions. To test its efficacy he gives his birth details and the computer instantly gives the output on the screen. That turns out to be his death sentence, in a way. He was going to die that same night exactly at 23:11:59. So healthy and full of life, he could not believe it and does random checks in hurry. The story ends with the arrival of the inevitable moment. Sujatha's stories were published in popular Tamil magazines like Kumudam, Ananda Vikatan and Kalki.
Pudumaipithan started the next stage of Tamil short stories and many other writers came out with brilliant stories in Tamil. Pudumaipithan, Ku.Pa. Ra and P.S.Ramaiya and their contemporaries have written many stories that are today popular format with the Tamil literary circles and readers as the short story format.
Pudumaipithan: Pudumaipithan’s stories carried messages for the society. His sincerely expressed his concern for the society and depicted the misery as well as drama in our lives. He wrote about the human relationships, their aspirations and life in general looked at closely. His 'Ponnagaram' was considered beyond the grasp of readers. He dealt with a wide array of subjects in his stories while also experimenting with the art of story telling. His writing included sarcasm and wit and the stories appeared natural and realistic. The examples like 'Kodukkapuli Maram' and 'Naasakkaara Gumbal' bring out the above qualities of his writing. He has deftly used the dialects of Madras or Tirunelveli in his stories as appropriate. His writings reflected the influence of foreign writers like Maupassant, Nathaniel Hawthorne and others in the western world. He has penned over 150 short stories in Tamil.
T.Janakiraman:T.Janakiraman's short stories brought the vagaries in the lives of people wonderfully and people could identify them with the characters.
Jayakanthan: Jayakanthan had written many outstanding stories some of which went on to be filmed later on. Most of his stories were published by Ananda Vikatan. While working in the office of 'Janasakthi' he developed a liking for Tamil literature and writing in Tamil. His stories were mostly about the people from the people living in the slums or extremely poor people.
N.Pichamoorthy: Pichamoorthy is a well known writer of Tamil short stories. 'Mannasai' is one of his popular short stories.
Sujatha: Sujatha is the pen name of S.Rangarajan who has written over 100 Tamil novels and 250 short stories in Tamil. His style of writing earned him a wide readership. His science fiction is said to be a pioneering work in Tamil. He could unravel science in his own inimitable simple words that can be understood by all. 'Aathma' is a short story which is a thrilling narration of a day in a computer engineer's life. Suri had made the computer the ability to predict the future giving it a set of rules that can observe the planetary positions. To test its efficacy he gives his birth details and the computer instantly gives the output on the screen. That turns out to be his death sentence, in a way. He was going to die that same night exactly at 23:11:59. So healthy and full of life, he could not believe it and does random checks in hurry. The story ends with the arrival of the inevitable moment. Sujatha's stories were published in popular Tamil magazines like Kumudam, Ananda Vikatan and Kalki.
Chennai Fashion
Top 3 Most Loved Fashion Accessories
Everyone agrees that clothes can greatly enhance your looks and turn you out to be a fashionable individual most especially if they are perfectly fit to your figure. However, achieving such look doesn't mean that your search and desire to look best is over. This is for the reason that clothes are not just enough to make your outfit complete and form an astounding fashion statement.
Let's admit the fact that there are also other significant things to consider in reaching the desired look to stand out from the crowd. This satisfaction can be attained through wearing some additional distinguishing pieces that will complement your outfit and these are fashion accessories. Fashion accessories are things that are mostly used by women as well as men to add some detail and style to their outfit. They are also worn out to complement their clothes and create such new and extraordinary look that will surely get other people's attention. Nowadays, they have become so popular and in demand because these items are not just considered as essential for fashion but also part of basic necessity.
Especially for those women, it's for sure that you'll see them wearing accessories wherever they go because they consider them as part of their daily lifestyle. Aside from this, these things have also certain place in their hearts, that's why they recognize them as extremely valuable possessions that must be always close to them. To give you a guide on what accessories those are hot this year, here is the list of the Top 3 Fashion Accessories most loved and used by people.
1. Jewelries
These glittering items are the most well-known fashion accessories because they are meant for all ages. Even teens and other children are also fond of wearing these accessories because of its bright colors that make them become fascinated. Jewelries are also intended for both gender, that's why most men also wear these accessories such as watches and rings. Women are very much enchanted with jewelries such as necklaces, earrings and bracelets because they use them primarily for fashion to make them more beautiful and attractive.
2. Handbags and Purses
Handbags are also popular fashion accessories for most women and teenage girls because they consider them as one of their compulsory accessories. Since most of them need to bring large amount of necessary things for their office or school, they have to use handbags to carry their stuffs in a more convenient way. Aside from that, they also need a handbag where they can keep their make up to keep them stay fresh and beautiful all day long.
3. Shoes and Sandals
Shoes or sandals are also one of the most sought fashion accessories among women. Most of them own numerous pair of shoes with different styles and colors intended for complementing their different clothes.
Wearing fashion accessories is indeed a good way of enhancing your wardrobe and transforming your ordinary appearance into such stunning and surprising look. However, not all trendy accessories work best with your clothes as well as with your figure. So you must be careful in choosing your accessories because they can also turn you down if they are not well-complemented with your outfit and body type. Just learn how to accessorize and it's for sure that you'll shine best with your chosen fashion accessories.
Tamil Stories
Everyone agrees that clothes can greatly enhance your looks and turn you out to be a fashionable individual most especially if they are perfectly fit to your figure. However, achieving such look doesn't mean that your search and desire to look best is over. This is for the reason that clothes are not just enough to make your outfit complete and form an astounding fashion statement.
Let's admit the fact that there are also other significant things to consider in reaching the desired look to stand out from the crowd. This satisfaction can be attained through wearing some additional distinguishing pieces that will complement your outfit and these are fashion accessories. Fashion accessories are things that are mostly used by women as well as men to add some detail and style to their outfit. They are also worn out to complement their clothes and create such new and extraordinary look that will surely get other people's attention. Nowadays, they have become so popular and in demand because these items are not just considered as essential for fashion but also part of basic necessity.
Especially for those women, it's for sure that you'll see them wearing accessories wherever they go because they consider them as part of their daily lifestyle. Aside from this, these things have also certain place in their hearts, that's why they recognize them as extremely valuable possessions that must be always close to them. To give you a guide on what accessories those are hot this year, here is the list of the Top 3 Fashion Accessories most loved and used by people.
1. Jewelries
These glittering items are the most well-known fashion accessories because they are meant for all ages. Even teens and other children are also fond of wearing these accessories because of its bright colors that make them become fascinated. Jewelries are also intended for both gender, that's why most men also wear these accessories such as watches and rings. Women are very much enchanted with jewelries such as necklaces, earrings and bracelets because they use them primarily for fashion to make them more beautiful and attractive.
2. Handbags and Purses
Handbags are also popular fashion accessories for most women and teenage girls because they consider them as one of their compulsory accessories. Since most of them need to bring large amount of necessary things for their office or school, they have to use handbags to carry their stuffs in a more convenient way. Aside from that, they also need a handbag where they can keep their make up to keep them stay fresh and beautiful all day long.
3. Shoes and Sandals
Shoes or sandals are also one of the most sought fashion accessories among women. Most of them own numerous pair of shoes with different styles and colors intended for complementing their different clothes.
Wearing fashion accessories is indeed a good way of enhancing your wardrobe and transforming your ordinary appearance into such stunning and surprising look. However, not all trendy accessories work best with your clothes as well as with your figure. So you must be careful in choosing your accessories because they can also turn you down if they are not well-complemented with your outfit and body type. Just learn how to accessorize and it's for sure that you'll shine best with your chosen fashion accessories.
Tamil Stories
Astrology
Nadi Astrology: For those who are interested in what the future holds for them, do not fail to visit an astrologer, who tells Nadi Joshiyam or palm leaf astrology. Nadi Astrology is an ancient Indian method of Astrology to learn about one's past, present and the future. It is said that thousands of years ago, the great sages of India had the power to look into the past and future of the entire universe and recorded the life of each human being who either lived, were living or were to live. Their discussions were written on palm leaves in an ancient Tamil script, which can now only be deciphered by expert Nadi astrologers.
These leaves are said to be more than 2000 years old. Nadi Josiyam is an amazingly accurate method to read the person's past and to foretell the future. People, who are ardent believers in this system, swear by it and are astounded by the accuracy of the predictions. According to the astrologer, many foreigners including the Japanese visit these centres regularly. They are impressed with the accuracy with which the astrology is able to give minute very personal details of the person's life. Nadi means in search of in Tamil. Because one individual goes in search of his details in the nadi, this system has come to be called by this name. The palm leaf inscriptions are scattered throughout India. Some of these palm leaf inscriptions available in Tamilnadu were standardized, ordered and classified in Tamil Nadu nearly 1000 years ago during the reign of the Cholas in South India. Each Nadi is made up of a particular written in an ancient Tamil script. The palm leaves are preserved by rubbing peacock oil on auspicious occasions. These palm leaves were initially preserved in the Sarasvati Mahal library of Tanjore (Thanjavur), in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Though many of the leaves were destroyed due to passage of time, some were preserved at the Saraswati Mahal Library at Tanjore. At an auction conducted by the British, some families from Vaitheeswaran Temple town, bought them and pass on their study of the leaves to the many people who strongly believe in these palm leaves. You will have to visit the center and provide them with your thumb fingerprint. The palm leaf inscription of an individual is spotted out by his thumb impression. Lines on the thumb are said to be classified into 108 types. The Nadi palm leaves are arranged according to these types. The Nadi readers identify the particular types of lines on the thumb and the corresponding set of palm leaves is located for reading. The time duration to pick up your leaf depends upon the identification of the thumb impression. Some impressions are identified easily and the corresponding leaves are found Leaves are located not only for Indian nationals but also for foreigners and other nationals belonging to other religions and creeds. Destiny has leaves for those who wish to have their readings. It is also stated that about 40% of the people in the world only are likely to find that their leaf is available. The other leaves might have been damaged or lost in the course of time.
The astrologer then takes a single leaf from the bundle and asks some personal question, the answer for which only you are likely to know. You will only have to answer yes or no. But the answer should be truthful and you should not lie or contradict yourself. If you answer does not tally with what is written on the leaf, he goes on to the next leaf and asks you another question. This process goes on and on ,till the correct leaf is found. A sitting for a single person often takes several hours. He then reads from the leaf and reels off your name, the name of your spouse and parents.. He then proceeds to give you details of your children, profession, and other personal information. He might give you some suggestions to ward off some evil he sees happening to you in the future. Vaitheeswaran temple Town is the main centre for Nadi Joshiyam in India. There is a centre at Tambaram near Chennai and also one at Delhi. Many foreigners and especially Japanese tourists visit these centers and come away very satisfied. You will find it amazingly accurate and a very interesting experience. In fact, the Japanese have such belief in this type of nadi astrology that the astrology goes on periodical visits to Japan to cater to the high demand.
These leaves are said to be more than 2000 years old. Nadi Josiyam is an amazingly accurate method to read the person's past and to foretell the future. People, who are ardent believers in this system, swear by it and are astounded by the accuracy of the predictions. According to the astrologer, many foreigners including the Japanese visit these centres regularly. They are impressed with the accuracy with which the astrology is able to give minute very personal details of the person's life. Nadi means in search of in Tamil. Because one individual goes in search of his details in the nadi, this system has come to be called by this name. The palm leaf inscriptions are scattered throughout India. Some of these palm leaf inscriptions available in Tamilnadu were standardized, ordered and classified in Tamil Nadu nearly 1000 years ago during the reign of the Cholas in South India. Each Nadi is made up of a particular written in an ancient Tamil script. The palm leaves are preserved by rubbing peacock oil on auspicious occasions. These palm leaves were initially preserved in the Sarasvati Mahal library of Tanjore (Thanjavur), in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Though many of the leaves were destroyed due to passage of time, some were preserved at the Saraswati Mahal Library at Tanjore. At an auction conducted by the British, some families from Vaitheeswaran Temple town, bought them and pass on their study of the leaves to the many people who strongly believe in these palm leaves. You will have to visit the center and provide them with your thumb fingerprint. The palm leaf inscription of an individual is spotted out by his thumb impression. Lines on the thumb are said to be classified into 108 types. The Nadi palm leaves are arranged according to these types. The Nadi readers identify the particular types of lines on the thumb and the corresponding set of palm leaves is located for reading. The time duration to pick up your leaf depends upon the identification of the thumb impression. Some impressions are identified easily and the corresponding leaves are found Leaves are located not only for Indian nationals but also for foreigners and other nationals belonging to other religions and creeds. Destiny has leaves for those who wish to have their readings. It is also stated that about 40% of the people in the world only are likely to find that their leaf is available. The other leaves might have been damaged or lost in the course of time.
The astrologer then takes a single leaf from the bundle and asks some personal question, the answer for which only you are likely to know. You will only have to answer yes or no. But the answer should be truthful and you should not lie or contradict yourself. If you answer does not tally with what is written on the leaf, he goes on to the next leaf and asks you another question. This process goes on and on ,till the correct leaf is found. A sitting for a single person often takes several hours. He then reads from the leaf and reels off your name, the name of your spouse and parents.. He then proceeds to give you details of your children, profession, and other personal information. He might give you some suggestions to ward off some evil he sees happening to you in the future. Vaitheeswaran temple Town is the main centre for Nadi Joshiyam in India. There is a centre at Tambaram near Chennai and also one at Delhi. Many foreigners and especially Japanese tourists visit these centers and come away very satisfied. You will find it amazingly accurate and a very interesting experience. In fact, the Japanese have such belief in this type of nadi astrology that the astrology goes on periodical visits to Japan to cater to the high demand.
World food
Chennai is a gourmet’s delight, offering something for every palate and serving it with a warm hospitality that is unique to the city.
Chettinad cuisine: To savour the original tastes you must visit Karaikudi. A more upmarket experience awaits you at the posh restaurant The Rain Tree at Hotel Connemara or at Dakshin in the Park Hotel. Peshawari cuisine: Dig into the mouth watering dishes from the northwest frontier at Chola. Mediterranean cuisine: Head to Le Meridien and enjoy the marvellous tastes at Cilantro, a restaurant over three tiers.
Japanese cuisine: For tasty Japanese food you must visit Dahlia. Korean cuisine: Try Arirang to experience Korean cuisine.
Food on the go: There are several choices for the busy executive, from a good spread in fine restaurants to outlets dishing out food by the minute. Lunch buffets at the Dhaba Express on Cenotaph Road draw in a huge crowd daily. Another similar multi-cuisine restaurant is Vasanta Bhavan. To savour a leisurely, refined Chinese lunch you should head to The Canton in the Nungambakkam area, a popular destination for diplomatic lunches. But if you prefer good vegetarian food in a pleasant ambience then Feast Inn at the Pentasoft Towers would be the right choice. To enjoy Korean food that is easy on your pocket try Kyung Bok Gong. A standing landmark on the changing food scene is Buhari, which is always a much frequented place and popular for its dish Chicken 65.
Buffet meals and Food courts: Chennai has its fair share of food courts and multi-cuisine food joints. Leading the pack is the five star variety of food, at more subtle prices, at the Red E Food Court on Harrington Road. If you want to have a wide variety of choices in cuisine and entertainment under one roof, then Sonex Towers is the right place. Planet Yumm located within the imposing metallic façade here, promises to cater to all food palates. Turning Point is yet another food cum entertainment complex. The three notable restaurants here serve three different varieties of cuisine. Shansi provides Chinese food, Kebab Korner is the place for tandoori food and for Indian and Continental food you should visit Under One Roof. For good and inexpensive Chettinad food visit Anjappar, Usilampatti or Poongudi and to savour north Indian food visit Sanjha Chula or Pathankot.
Quench your thirst: The city is slowly gearing up to with its own watering holes: Geoffrey’s, in Radha Park, is famous for its draught beer, signature recipes and vibrant atmosphere. At the Park, Vijay Sports Café is the place to indulge in sports talk and watch sports on the huge televisionscreens, with a drink in hand. For an elaborate setting to enjoy your drink, visit The Crystal Bar at Hotel Ranjith. Bamboo Bar at Savera is a classy place to hang out. The Cocktail Peninsula and Tinto at The Residency are for the hip crowd. The exclusive, swanky places include Arcot (TheTrident), Fort St George (Taj Coromandel), Durants (Chola) and Dome (The Meridien).
Delicious food-carts along popular eat-streets
The street sides of Chennai offer a mind boggling range of food. For south Indian thalis and fast food it is Saravana Bhavan, for idli breakfasts it is Rayar’s on Kutcheri Road and for that quick bite it is the Nair Mess near Chepauk Stadium. High on popularity are the Banana Leaf and Noodle King, which as the name suggests is famous for noodles and Chinese chow. If you are not concerned about cholesterol then do taste the Ceylon Egg Parathas from the food stalls.
Head to the Kabab Corner for succulent kebabs and for fast food it is Kafe 2000 in Egmore. The best haunt for kati rolls is Tic Tac on Montieth Road.
Filter coffee, more coffee and even more coffee!
Chennai is the place to be if you are a fan of ‘sweet’ filter coffee. Coffee on Greenways Road offers that hot cuppa and you can have your face printed on a coffee mug as well. Café Coffee Day marks a big presence with high footfalls and Qwicky’s Coffee Pub is an all time favorite.
Chettinad cuisine: To savour the original tastes you must visit Karaikudi. A more upmarket experience awaits you at the posh restaurant The Rain Tree at Hotel Connemara or at Dakshin in the Park Hotel. Peshawari cuisine: Dig into the mouth watering dishes from the northwest frontier at Chola. Mediterranean cuisine: Head to Le Meridien and enjoy the marvellous tastes at Cilantro, a restaurant over three tiers.
Japanese cuisine: For tasty Japanese food you must visit Dahlia. Korean cuisine: Try Arirang to experience Korean cuisine.
Food on the go: There are several choices for the busy executive, from a good spread in fine restaurants to outlets dishing out food by the minute. Lunch buffets at the Dhaba Express on Cenotaph Road draw in a huge crowd daily. Another similar multi-cuisine restaurant is Vasanta Bhavan. To savour a leisurely, refined Chinese lunch you should head to The Canton in the Nungambakkam area, a popular destination for diplomatic lunches. But if you prefer good vegetarian food in a pleasant ambience then Feast Inn at the Pentasoft Towers would be the right choice. To enjoy Korean food that is easy on your pocket try Kyung Bok Gong. A standing landmark on the changing food scene is Buhari, which is always a much frequented place and popular for its dish Chicken 65.
Buffet meals and Food courts: Chennai has its fair share of food courts and multi-cuisine food joints. Leading the pack is the five star variety of food, at more subtle prices, at the Red E Food Court on Harrington Road. If you want to have a wide variety of choices in cuisine and entertainment under one roof, then Sonex Towers is the right place. Planet Yumm located within the imposing metallic façade here, promises to cater to all food palates. Turning Point is yet another food cum entertainment complex. The three notable restaurants here serve three different varieties of cuisine. Shansi provides Chinese food, Kebab Korner is the place for tandoori food and for Indian and Continental food you should visit Under One Roof. For good and inexpensive Chettinad food visit Anjappar, Usilampatti or Poongudi and to savour north Indian food visit Sanjha Chula or Pathankot.
Quench your thirst: The city is slowly gearing up to with its own watering holes: Geoffrey’s, in Radha Park, is famous for its draught beer, signature recipes and vibrant atmosphere. At the Park, Vijay Sports Café is the place to indulge in sports talk and watch sports on the huge televisionscreens, with a drink in hand. For an elaborate setting to enjoy your drink, visit The Crystal Bar at Hotel Ranjith. Bamboo Bar at Savera is a classy place to hang out. The Cocktail Peninsula and Tinto at The Residency are for the hip crowd. The exclusive, swanky places include Arcot (TheTrident), Fort St George (Taj Coromandel), Durants (Chola) and Dome (The Meridien).
Delicious food-carts along popular eat-streets
The street sides of Chennai offer a mind boggling range of food. For south Indian thalis and fast food it is Saravana Bhavan, for idli breakfasts it is Rayar’s on Kutcheri Road and for that quick bite it is the Nair Mess near Chepauk Stadium. High on popularity are the Banana Leaf and Noodle King, which as the name suggests is famous for noodles and Chinese chow. If you are not concerned about cholesterol then do taste the Ceylon Egg Parathas from the food stalls.
Head to the Kabab Corner for succulent kebabs and for fast food it is Kafe 2000 in Egmore. The best haunt for kati rolls is Tic Tac on Montieth Road.
Filter coffee, more coffee and even more coffee!
Chennai is the place to be if you are a fan of ‘sweet’ filter coffee. Coffee on Greenways Road offers that hot cuppa and you can have your face printed on a coffee mug as well. Café Coffee Day marks a big presence with high footfalls and Qwicky’s Coffee Pub is an all time favorite.
Shopping in Chennai
During your tour to Chennai, don’t forget to take home the exclusive specialties of the city. Shopping in Chennai is a delightful activity for visitors from different parts of the world. It is also among the most important things to do in Chennai leaving you ample scope to buy the choicest items for yourself or your loved ones back home. If you are wondering what to buy in Chennai, think no more. Hotels in Chennai Madras offers complete online information on Chennai shopping to assist you in knowing some of the best buys in the city.
Chennai is renowned for a large number of traditional handicrafts that are a must buy during your tour to the capital city. You will find several beautiful brass, stone, wood & ivory goods adorned with exquisite stone carvings that you simply can’t afford to miss during shopping in Chennai. Besides the home-produced specialties, Chennai also provides a wide variety of goods collected from across Tamil Nadu and the country. As such, you can find a host of unique offerings of South India under one roof! Go for Pattamara mats and other traditional handicrafts from Tirunellveli or the magnificent jewelry from Kumbakonam. Tanjavur is famous for its metal castings and Mamallapuram for majestic stone carvings that you can buy while shopping in Chennai. Not to forget the world-famous and the most beautiful Kanchipuram silk saris that are the fancy of every woman and a must buy in Chennai shopping list. Some of the most popular shopping centers in Chennai where you can find all this and much more at quite decent rates and good quality are Ranganatha Street in T. Nagar & Anna Salai, the commercial hub of the city. Anna Salai is also dotted with a number of government handicraft museums that sell authentic traditional handicrafts & handlooms from different parts of the state at fixed rates and are widely preferred by most tourists to Chennai. To facilitate your shopping in Chennai, we provide you with a list of some of the most famous markets in Chennai that are the hub of exquisite handmade produce – the exclusive specialty of the city.
Chennai is renowned for a large number of traditional handicrafts that are a must buy during your tour to the capital city. You will find several beautiful brass, stone, wood & ivory goods adorned with exquisite stone carvings that you simply can’t afford to miss during shopping in Chennai. Besides the home-produced specialties, Chennai also provides a wide variety of goods collected from across Tamil Nadu and the country. As such, you can find a host of unique offerings of South India under one roof! Go for Pattamara mats and other traditional handicrafts from Tirunellveli or the magnificent jewelry from Kumbakonam. Tanjavur is famous for its metal castings and Mamallapuram for majestic stone carvings that you can buy while shopping in Chennai. Not to forget the world-famous and the most beautiful Kanchipuram silk saris that are the fancy of every woman and a must buy in Chennai shopping list. Some of the most popular shopping centers in Chennai where you can find all this and much more at quite decent rates and good quality are Ranganatha Street in T. Nagar & Anna Salai, the commercial hub of the city. Anna Salai is also dotted with a number of government handicraft museums that sell authentic traditional handicrafts & handlooms from different parts of the state at fixed rates and are widely preferred by most tourists to Chennai. To facilitate your shopping in Chennai, we provide you with a list of some of the most famous markets in Chennai that are the hub of exquisite handmade produce – the exclusive specialty of the city.
Tourist information of chennai, kanchipuram and kanyakumari
Chennai
Chennai, former Madras, is the fourth largest metropolitan city in India. Culturally and traditionally it is very much different form the North Indian civilization. Weather of this place is comparatively hot due to its hot tropical possession. It is heaven for vegetarians. Idli, Sambar, Dosa are some of the dishes which has spreaded its fame across the globe,
Attractions The instances of archeology, geology, anthropology, numismatics, botany and zoology along with sculpture and armory. Can be seen together under the same roof at Government Museum. Chennai is inundated with the tourist spots. Marina beach is the largest beach in Asia. Golden beach is famous for its coastal fair. Kalakshetra of Chennai is considered as the cradle of art culture of art, culture and heritage
ASK FOR TOUR Air: Chennai has a very good national and international connectivity by air.
Rail: Madras Central and Egmore are two major rail stations in India. Road: by bus is has a very good access to the other major cities of India.
Kanyakumari:
The most Southern part of India situated in the Confluence of the three ocean- Bay of Bangle, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean. A important pilgrim centre it is also famous for its scenic beauty and city architecture. Attractions Like other south Indian places Kanyakumari too have a couple of important temple. Temple of goddess Bhagawati, Alvar,Tirunagari temple of lord Vishnu, Kumari Amman Temple -these all are quite celebrated amongst the devotees.How to reach Air: Thiruvananthapuram which is just 80 Km from here is the nearest airport. Rail: It has direct trains to Major cities like Delhi and other minor cities like Jammu. Road: Chennai, Pondichery, Bangalore, Madurai -it has road access to almost all the cities of south India
Chennai, former Madras, is the fourth largest metropolitan city in India. Culturally and traditionally it is very much different form the North Indian civilization. Weather of this place is comparatively hot due to its hot tropical possession. It is heaven for vegetarians. Idli, Sambar, Dosa are some of the dishes which has spreaded its fame across the globe,
Attractions The instances of archeology, geology, anthropology, numismatics, botany and zoology along with sculpture and armory. Can be seen together under the same roof at Government Museum. Chennai is inundated with the tourist spots. Marina beach is the largest beach in Asia. Golden beach is famous for its coastal fair. Kalakshetra of Chennai is considered as the cradle of art culture of art, culture and heritage
ASK FOR TOUR Air: Chennai has a very good national and international connectivity by air.
Rail: Madras Central and Egmore are two major rail stations in India. Road: by bus is has a very good access to the other major cities of India.
Kanyakumari:
The most Southern part of India situated in the Confluence of the three ocean- Bay of Bangle, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean. A important pilgrim centre it is also famous for its scenic beauty and city architecture. Attractions Like other south Indian places Kanyakumari too have a couple of important temple. Temple of goddess Bhagawati, Alvar,Tirunagari temple of lord Vishnu, Kumari Amman Temple -these all are quite celebrated amongst the devotees.How to reach Air: Thiruvananthapuram which is just 80 Km from here is the nearest airport. Rail: It has direct trains to Major cities like Delhi and other minor cities like Jammu. Road: Chennai, Pondichery, Bangalore, Madurai -it has road access to almost all the cities of south India
Insurance Terminology
Agent
An agent is either an insurance salesperson or an independent agent who sells policies of one or more insurance companies.
ARAI
Automobile Research Association of India (ARAI) is an industrial research organization formed by the Indian automotive industry. It is affiliated to the Ministry of Industry of the Indian government. ARAI helps the Government in formulating the automotive standards and providing technical support. It also carries out sponsored research for the automotive industry in different areas like engine, emission, structural dynamics and electronics.
Claim
A claim is a person's request for payment to an insurance company for a loss covered under a policy. When a person claims to his insurance company for a loss it is known as a first-party claim. On the other hand when one person makes claim against another person's insurance company then it is known as a third-party claim.
Collision Coverage
It is an optional insurance that pays for damage to your car caused by any accident involving any other car or object. It also pays in the case the damage is done to the car by rolling over. It may be required in the case you have opted for a car loan.
Comprehensive physical damage coverage
It is yet another optional insurance. It pays for damages to your vehicle caused by anything other than an accident. It may cover damages done due to fire, theft, vandalism or flood.
Conditions
Conditions are the part of an insurance policy that describe your obligations and those of your insurance company in order for the policy to be in effect. You need to fulfill those conditions if you want to make a claim in future.
Deductible
Deductible is the amount of money that you agree to pay in the case of a claim. It is subtracted from the total amount paid by the insurance company. For example if your total claim is $500 and the deductible is $100, then you have to pay $100 and the insurance company will pay the rest $400. Normally when the deductible is higher you may need to pay lower premium. On the other hand if your premium is higher than you may need to pay lower deductible when you file for a claim
Insured's Declared Value
Insured's Declared Value (IDV) is a manufacturer's listed selling price less depreciation. It is basically the depreciated value of the vehicle agreed upon by both the insurer and the policy holder. IDV of a car reduces with age. The premium of insurance is calculated on the basis of IDV of the vehicle.
Insurance company
An insurance company is an organization that agrees to pay for the damages or loss to your vehicle in case of any accident or other reasons in exchange for a fee known as a premium. The insurance policy is signed after mutual agreement between the insurance company and the vehicle owner.
Liability
A liability is a legally enforceable financial obligation.
Liability coverage
Liability overage is an insurance that pays when you have caused loss to other person unintentionally. It includes physical injury coverage that pays for the cost of medical treatment and legal defense costs in the case your car has caused some physical damage to the person. It also includes property damage liability coverage under which your insurance company pays to a person you have caused any property damage of
No Claim Bonus
You are offered a No Claim Bonus (NCB) on insurance policy renewals in the case you do not make a claim during the policy period. Insurance companies reward policyholders by giving them a discount on the Own Damage premium up to a maximum of 50% in the case of no claim during the policy. NCB is offered to a policy holder only if the policy is renewed within 90 days of the expiry date of the policy
Negligence
Your failure to exercise a generally acceptable level of care and caution with regard to your vehicle and driving is considered negligence in terms of insurance policy.
Own Damage Premium
Own Damage (OD) premium is the amount of premium that you pay to the insurance company to cover above the mandatory third-party cover. If you have paid OD premium you are entitled to claim compensation in the case of damage to your vehicle due to flood, fire, earthquake, etc.
Personal Accident Cover
It is insurance coverage for the unnamed person (not the driver) sitting in the car. Under this cover the maximum amount of coverage is Rs 2 lakh for each passenger. It is useful in the case you want to cover anyone traveling in your vehicle at any time.
Policy Period
Policy period is the duration of time any insurance policy covers you. It can vary depending on the policy you opt for.
Policyholder
The person who buys insurance policy from any company is a policy holder. Policyholder
Premium
Premium is the amount you pay for insurance coverage. It can vary depending on the nature and terms & conditions of the policy. Proof of loss
Proof of loss is the documents that you present to an insurance company when you make a request for compensation of loss done to the car. It includes documents like police reports and estimate of repair cost from the auto mechanic. The insurance company decides on how much to pay for the damages done based on the proof of loss.
Uninsured motorist coverage
The coverage that insures you against an accident with vehicle, whose driver is not insured, is uninsured motorist coverage. Under this coverage the insurance company also pays for the loss resulting from an accident in which a hit-and-run driver is involved.
Zone
The Government has divided the whole country in two zones – Zone A and Zone B-- on the base of the location of offices of registration for vehicles. It helps in rating vehicles. Zone A includes cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Pune, and Zone B includes the rest of India.
An agent is either an insurance salesperson or an independent agent who sells policies of one or more insurance companies.
ARAI
Automobile Research Association of India (ARAI) is an industrial research organization formed by the Indian automotive industry. It is affiliated to the Ministry of Industry of the Indian government. ARAI helps the Government in formulating the automotive standards and providing technical support. It also carries out sponsored research for the automotive industry in different areas like engine, emission, structural dynamics and electronics.
Claim
A claim is a person's request for payment to an insurance company for a loss covered under a policy. When a person claims to his insurance company for a loss it is known as a first-party claim. On the other hand when one person makes claim against another person's insurance company then it is known as a third-party claim.
Collision Coverage
It is an optional insurance that pays for damage to your car caused by any accident involving any other car or object. It also pays in the case the damage is done to the car by rolling over. It may be required in the case you have opted for a car loan.
Comprehensive physical damage coverage
It is yet another optional insurance. It pays for damages to your vehicle caused by anything other than an accident. It may cover damages done due to fire, theft, vandalism or flood.
Conditions
Conditions are the part of an insurance policy that describe your obligations and those of your insurance company in order for the policy to be in effect. You need to fulfill those conditions if you want to make a claim in future.
Deductible
Deductible is the amount of money that you agree to pay in the case of a claim. It is subtracted from the total amount paid by the insurance company. For example if your total claim is $500 and the deductible is $100, then you have to pay $100 and the insurance company will pay the rest $400. Normally when the deductible is higher you may need to pay lower premium. On the other hand if your premium is higher than you may need to pay lower deductible when you file for a claim
Insured's Declared Value
Insured's Declared Value (IDV) is a manufacturer's listed selling price less depreciation. It is basically the depreciated value of the vehicle agreed upon by both the insurer and the policy holder. IDV of a car reduces with age. The premium of insurance is calculated on the basis of IDV of the vehicle.
Insurance company
An insurance company is an organization that agrees to pay for the damages or loss to your vehicle in case of any accident or other reasons in exchange for a fee known as a premium. The insurance policy is signed after mutual agreement between the insurance company and the vehicle owner.
Liability
A liability is a legally enforceable financial obligation.
Liability coverage
Liability overage is an insurance that pays when you have caused loss to other person unintentionally. It includes physical injury coverage that pays for the cost of medical treatment and legal defense costs in the case your car has caused some physical damage to the person. It also includes property damage liability coverage under which your insurance company pays to a person you have caused any property damage of
No Claim Bonus
You are offered a No Claim Bonus (NCB) on insurance policy renewals in the case you do not make a claim during the policy period. Insurance companies reward policyholders by giving them a discount on the Own Damage premium up to a maximum of 50% in the case of no claim during the policy. NCB is offered to a policy holder only if the policy is renewed within 90 days of the expiry date of the policy
Negligence
Your failure to exercise a generally acceptable level of care and caution with regard to your vehicle and driving is considered negligence in terms of insurance policy.
Own Damage Premium
Own Damage (OD) premium is the amount of premium that you pay to the insurance company to cover above the mandatory third-party cover. If you have paid OD premium you are entitled to claim compensation in the case of damage to your vehicle due to flood, fire, earthquake, etc.
Personal Accident Cover
It is insurance coverage for the unnamed person (not the driver) sitting in the car. Under this cover the maximum amount of coverage is Rs 2 lakh for each passenger. It is useful in the case you want to cover anyone traveling in your vehicle at any time.
Policy Period
Policy period is the duration of time any insurance policy covers you. It can vary depending on the policy you opt for.
Policyholder
The person who buys insurance policy from any company is a policy holder. Policyholder
Premium
Premium is the amount you pay for insurance coverage. It can vary depending on the nature and terms & conditions of the policy. Proof of loss
Proof of loss is the documents that you present to an insurance company when you make a request for compensation of loss done to the car. It includes documents like police reports and estimate of repair cost from the auto mechanic. The insurance company decides on how much to pay for the damages done based on the proof of loss.
Uninsured motorist coverage
The coverage that insures you against an accident with vehicle, whose driver is not insured, is uninsured motorist coverage. Under this coverage the insurance company also pays for the loss resulting from an accident in which a hit-and-run driver is involved.
Zone
The Government has divided the whole country in two zones – Zone A and Zone B-- on the base of the location of offices of registration for vehicles. It helps in rating vehicles. Zone A includes cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Pune, and Zone B includes the rest of India.
TAXI
ChennaiPanickersTours&Travels[P]LtdIt is a Chennai based tour and travel agency. They have modern fleet of HI-tech motor coaches, cars, provide a comfortable journey.
ParveenTravelsPLtdit is a Chennai based tour and travel agency. They have modern fleet of HI-tech motor coaches, cars, provide a comfortable journey.
BalaTouristServiceBala Tourist, a well known name in travel agency, they offer 24 hour car rental services. They provide Mercedes Benz, Opel Astra, Mitsubishi Lancer, Honda City, Ford Escort, Ford Ikon, Fiat Siena, Daewoo Siena, Daewoo Cielo, Hyundai Accent, Maruti Esteem all types vehicles.
RoyalCabsFounded by Mr. Srinivasan, they handle a fleet of around 16 different type of vehicle with a mix of premium and economy cars such as Mitsubishi Lancer, Ford Ikon, Hyundai Accent, Maruti Esteem, Toyota Qualis, Tata Sumo, Fiat Uno and Ambassador etc.
NaxTravelsOne of the rapidly growing travel agent in Chennai, they have a fleet of luxurious and non luxurious cars of all range coaches and buses.
ThiruvalluvarTravelsIt offers a variety of services that fulfill all your requirement. Thiruvalluvar Travels is a Chennai based car rental company they provide a variety of cars.
SouthIndiaCarRentalEstablished in 2004, the company provides services related to car rental, coach rental and hotel reservation.
RajooCabsFounded in 1980 by Mr. R.Panneerselvam, Rajoo Cabs has a large fleet of vehicles including Lancer, Accent, Cielo, Maruthi Esteem, UNO, Tempo Traveller, Tata Sumo etc.
EsquireToursone of the leading car rental company in Chennai, Esquire Tours was established in 1990. The company has around 40 operational staff who are working round the clock.
AmirthaCarRentalsa leading car rental company in this area, they provide round the clock services. They provide luxury car rental, budget car rentals, and economy car rentals.
SamTravelsA professionally managed passenger rental service provides a fleet of premium vehicles ranging from Skoda Octavia, Lancer, Accent, Ford Ikon to Indica.
MosesCabsEstablished in 1984, they have all kind of vehicles such as Tata Sumo, Toyota Qualis, Tempo Traveller, Esteem, Ford Ikon, Lancer, and Honda City.
OmShakthiTravelsOm Shakthi Travels is a leading tourist A/C & Non A/C Car, Van, Bus Operators. They have all kind of vehicles. Choose any vehicles according to your budget.
ParveenTravelsPLtdit is a Chennai based tour and travel agency. They have modern fleet of HI-tech motor coaches, cars, provide a comfortable journey.
BalaTouristServiceBala Tourist, a well known name in travel agency, they offer 24 hour car rental services. They provide Mercedes Benz, Opel Astra, Mitsubishi Lancer, Honda City, Ford Escort, Ford Ikon, Fiat Siena, Daewoo Siena, Daewoo Cielo, Hyundai Accent, Maruti Esteem all types vehicles.
RoyalCabsFounded by Mr. Srinivasan, they handle a fleet of around 16 different type of vehicle with a mix of premium and economy cars such as Mitsubishi Lancer, Ford Ikon, Hyundai Accent, Maruti Esteem, Toyota Qualis, Tata Sumo, Fiat Uno and Ambassador etc.
NaxTravelsOne of the rapidly growing travel agent in Chennai, they have a fleet of luxurious and non luxurious cars of all range coaches and buses.
ThiruvalluvarTravelsIt offers a variety of services that fulfill all your requirement. Thiruvalluvar Travels is a Chennai based car rental company they provide a variety of cars.
SouthIndiaCarRentalEstablished in 2004, the company provides services related to car rental, coach rental and hotel reservation.
RajooCabsFounded in 1980 by Mr. R.Panneerselvam, Rajoo Cabs has a large fleet of vehicles including Lancer, Accent, Cielo, Maruthi Esteem, UNO, Tempo Traveller, Tata Sumo etc.
EsquireToursone of the leading car rental company in Chennai, Esquire Tours was established in 1990. The company has around 40 operational staff who are working round the clock.
AmirthaCarRentalsa leading car rental company in this area, they provide round the clock services. They provide luxury car rental, budget car rentals, and economy car rentals.
SamTravelsA professionally managed passenger rental service provides a fleet of premium vehicles ranging from Skoda Octavia, Lancer, Accent, Ford Ikon to Indica.
MosesCabsEstablished in 1984, they have all kind of vehicles such as Tata Sumo, Toyota Qualis, Tempo Traveller, Esteem, Ford Ikon, Lancer, and Honda City.
OmShakthiTravelsOm Shakthi Travels is a leading tourist A/C & Non A/C Car, Van, Bus Operators. They have all kind of vehicles. Choose any vehicles according to your budget.
Beaches
Marina Beach
Marina is a beautiful laid out beach that lies along the eastern coasts of Tamil Nadu. Marina Beach falls in the capital city of the Tamil Nadu, which is Chennai. The beach has the distinction of being the second largest beach in the world and the largest in Asia. The beach territory is spread well over an entire 12 Kms stretch and is well provided to inculcate various beach activities. As a tourist destination, the beach offers ample opportunities for swimming, wind surfing, fishing, sun bathing and more. To add to all this, there are various memorials and parks at Marina. It was Governor Grant Duff who initiated the developmental works at the beach and named it Marina Beach. From tourists perception the visit to Marina Beach is just inevitable.Marina Beach hosts a number of activities. To start with we have a long stretch of silver sand lining that abuts the Bay of Bengal. A good number of beach tourists can be seen swimming, surfing and playing beach volley ball along Marina. Kids making sand castles, the silhouetted appearance of the fishermen boats, horse rides, lantern lit shops and stalls, picturesque view of old buildings and refreshing parks and of course the splendid view of the sunset are some of the best features at Marina Beach. There is a park stroll (promenade) that separates the sandy beaches and the main road. The park is quite a popular place, containing sculptures of some of some noted personalities of the region and India. Some of the pioneers include Mahatma Gandhi, B.G. Tilak, Bharathidasan, Tiruvalluvar, Kamaraj, Swami Sivananda and Thanthai Periyar. The famous Aquarium and Ice House also lie in the vicinity. The beach drive houses some important establishments like the University of Madras, Senate House, Chepauk Palace and Presidency College.
Covelong Beach
Covelong Beach is located in between the city of Chennai and the adjoining Mahabalipuram. The beach stretch lies about 40 Kms away from the city. The beach is typically noted for its serene beauty and beach activites. Covelong differs from the rest of the beaches in that the precincts are not over crowded and most of the pleasure is derived from the smooth and peaceful environment. This fact makes it one of the most sought after by people who want a little bit privacy, thrill and solitude. The beach has witnessed some historical events in the past era. It was Saadat Ali, the Nawab of Carnatic, who built a port here in the year 1746. In the meantime, the port area developed strategic importance and was subjected to a number of attacks. The port was captured by the French in 1752, under the commandship of General Laboudonnais. The French troops were soon routed by the BritishGeneralClive.
Covelong Beach is famous for its clear waters and serenity. The beach is one of the best for people who likes a dip and a dive. Swimming and wind surfing are popular activities of the tourists. The beach environs are quite fruitful for those who seek meditation. The beach houses the adorable fishing settlement. There are other attractions of the bygone era like an old fort, church and a mosque. These attractions, however, are secondary and most of the people enjoy either the dip or baskinginthesun.Not very far from the beach is the tourist hotspot Mahabalipuram. The tourists who come to Covelong Beach, generally makes to the place of Mahabalipuram.
Elliot’s Beach
Elliot's Beach is situated on the Eastern Coastal Plains of India and in the state of Tamil Nadu. The beach lines up the shores of the Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu. The famous Marina Beach in the Chennai city extends further south and gives rise to the Elliot's Beach. The beach is provided with many attractions that ensure frequent visits by tourists as well the locals residing in the nearby regions. The place makes up a good destiny for a person who does not like the hue and cry of the techno city.
Elliot's Beach is known for the it’s serene atmosphere. The beach as such is the cynosure for the youth as well the foreign tourists looking for a bit of privacy. The beach is lined with food stalls and small shops that cater to the beach visitors. The northern part of the beach sees maximum concentration of the visitors. The southern part, the one away from the Marina Beach is a little filthy.Besides the golden sands and the chill of the water, Elliot's Beach also houses some popular shrines. The Velankani Church and the Ashtalakshmi Temple make up the popular sites on the beach. Ashtalakshmi temple, Hundreds of people pay homage at these places. These pilgrim places are located on the northern end of the beach.The Schmidt Memorial dedicated to a Dutch sailor, who lost his life while saving a drowning fellow, is one among the many conspicuous landmarks on the famous beach.
Marina is a beautiful laid out beach that lies along the eastern coasts of Tamil Nadu. Marina Beach falls in the capital city of the Tamil Nadu, which is Chennai. The beach has the distinction of being the second largest beach in the world and the largest in Asia. The beach territory is spread well over an entire 12 Kms stretch and is well provided to inculcate various beach activities. As a tourist destination, the beach offers ample opportunities for swimming, wind surfing, fishing, sun bathing and more. To add to all this, there are various memorials and parks at Marina. It was Governor Grant Duff who initiated the developmental works at the beach and named it Marina Beach. From tourists perception the visit to Marina Beach is just inevitable.Marina Beach hosts a number of activities. To start with we have a long stretch of silver sand lining that abuts the Bay of Bengal. A good number of beach tourists can be seen swimming, surfing and playing beach volley ball along Marina. Kids making sand castles, the silhouetted appearance of the fishermen boats, horse rides, lantern lit shops and stalls, picturesque view of old buildings and refreshing parks and of course the splendid view of the sunset are some of the best features at Marina Beach. There is a park stroll (promenade) that separates the sandy beaches and the main road. The park is quite a popular place, containing sculptures of some of some noted personalities of the region and India. Some of the pioneers include Mahatma Gandhi, B.G. Tilak, Bharathidasan, Tiruvalluvar, Kamaraj, Swami Sivananda and Thanthai Periyar. The famous Aquarium and Ice House also lie in the vicinity. The beach drive houses some important establishments like the University of Madras, Senate House, Chepauk Palace and Presidency College.
Covelong Beach
Covelong Beach is located in between the city of Chennai and the adjoining Mahabalipuram. The beach stretch lies about 40 Kms away from the city. The beach is typically noted for its serene beauty and beach activites. Covelong differs from the rest of the beaches in that the precincts are not over crowded and most of the pleasure is derived from the smooth and peaceful environment. This fact makes it one of the most sought after by people who want a little bit privacy, thrill and solitude. The beach has witnessed some historical events in the past era. It was Saadat Ali, the Nawab of Carnatic, who built a port here in the year 1746. In the meantime, the port area developed strategic importance and was subjected to a number of attacks. The port was captured by the French in 1752, under the commandship of General Laboudonnais. The French troops were soon routed by the BritishGeneralClive.
Covelong Beach is famous for its clear waters and serenity. The beach is one of the best for people who likes a dip and a dive. Swimming and wind surfing are popular activities of the tourists. The beach environs are quite fruitful for those who seek meditation. The beach houses the adorable fishing settlement. There are other attractions of the bygone era like an old fort, church and a mosque. These attractions, however, are secondary and most of the people enjoy either the dip or baskinginthesun.Not very far from the beach is the tourist hotspot Mahabalipuram. The tourists who come to Covelong Beach, generally makes to the place of Mahabalipuram.
Elliot’s Beach
Elliot's Beach is situated on the Eastern Coastal Plains of India and in the state of Tamil Nadu. The beach lines up the shores of the Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu. The famous Marina Beach in the Chennai city extends further south and gives rise to the Elliot's Beach. The beach is provided with many attractions that ensure frequent visits by tourists as well the locals residing in the nearby regions. The place makes up a good destiny for a person who does not like the hue and cry of the techno city.
Elliot's Beach is known for the it’s serene atmosphere. The beach as such is the cynosure for the youth as well the foreign tourists looking for a bit of privacy. The beach is lined with food stalls and small shops that cater to the beach visitors. The northern part of the beach sees maximum concentration of the visitors. The southern part, the one away from the Marina Beach is a little filthy.Besides the golden sands and the chill of the water, Elliot's Beach also houses some popular shrines. The Velankani Church and the Ashtalakshmi Temple make up the popular sites on the beach. Ashtalakshmi temple, Hundreds of people pay homage at these places. These pilgrim places are located on the northern end of the beach.The Schmidt Memorial dedicated to a Dutch sailor, who lost his life while saving a drowning fellow, is one among the many conspicuous landmarks on the famous beach.
Amusement park
Mayajaal The first of its kind Themed family entertainment center in India , A multiplex with 6 Movie halls, food court, 8 lane bowling alley, games arcade, shopping, beauty care, a kids care centre where you can leave your kids & freak out for the rest of the day and a net cafe, Mayajaal is spread over an area of 13 acres. Location: on the east coast road near muttukadu.
Kishkinta is considered as the best theme park in Indian sub continent. The park is located some 28 Kms from Chennai city and towards the south of the city precincts. Kishkinta also happens to be the first amusement park of India. The park hosts a number of activities including exciting rides, water events, kids’ zone and many more. The amusement park employs contemporary technological innovations to provide the fun and frolic. The very name of the park has been taken from the epic Ramayana and represents the monkey kingdom, known to be a great recreational place.
Mgm Dizee world Situated near the beach on the East Coast Rd. Amusement Rides, Virtual Games and a Great Roller coaster ride. Kishkinta Chennai’s own Kutralam is in Kishkinta, a man made waterfall it’s really cool, here you can also find large swimming pool with artificial waves. There lot of other Amusement rides 3D cinema and easily one of the biggest amusement parks in India. About 30 Kms drive from Chennai city near Tambaram off GST road.
Tarsha Water Sports Para-gliding, Jet Ski's, Power Boats, Wind Surfing, if you love the water this is the place, even if you are not there are lot of easier rides you can try. Tarsha is located close to Mahabalipuram Town.
'Ahaa' Water Park is a recently opened water park that focuses on family entertainment. There is a wave pool that generates waves of up to 3.5 feet and an octagonal slide with an overflowing mushroom in the center. There is ’a lazy river' so to say, where a constant current ensures your cruising along the banks or step under the 30-foot high water fall that spans 20 feet. The kiddies too have a pool. East Coast Road, Uthandi, Chennai Timings: 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. all days of the week
Little Folks Amusement park for children on the East coast Rd.
Dash n Splash Water Park on the Chennai - Bangalore Highway.
VGP Universal Kingdom, The oldest & the first amusement Park in Chennai is at the VGP Golden Beach, Crocodile Bank a breeding center for crocodiles, En route to mahabalipuram. 45 Kms from city.
Children's Park A mini zoo housing deers, monkeys, peacocks, reptiles & birds. A nice picnic spot on Sardar Vallabhai patel Rd, Guindy. 8.30 am - 5.30 pm, Tuesday is a holiday.
Guindy Snake Park adjoins the children's park. A wide collection of snakes from around the country, pythons, vipers, cobra etc.
ANNA ZOOLOGICAL PARK, The Zoo at Vandalur houses animals from all around the country, adding to the excitement are the elephant rides & the safari. The park is a 30 km ride from city near Tambaram.
VEDANTHANGAL Bird Sanctuary for rest house reservations contact the wild life warden at 49, 4th main rd, Adyar.
BIRLA PLANETARIUM, A Sky theatre with a seating capacity of 236, it also has a science & technology exhibition centre. Located near Anna University campus.
Kishkinta is considered as the best theme park in Indian sub continent. The park is located some 28 Kms from Chennai city and towards the south of the city precincts. Kishkinta also happens to be the first amusement park of India. The park hosts a number of activities including exciting rides, water events, kids’ zone and many more. The amusement park employs contemporary technological innovations to provide the fun and frolic. The very name of the park has been taken from the epic Ramayana and represents the monkey kingdom, known to be a great recreational place.
Mgm Dizee world Situated near the beach on the East Coast Rd. Amusement Rides, Virtual Games and a Great Roller coaster ride. Kishkinta Chennai’s own Kutralam is in Kishkinta, a man made waterfall it’s really cool, here you can also find large swimming pool with artificial waves. There lot of other Amusement rides 3D cinema and easily one of the biggest amusement parks in India. About 30 Kms drive from Chennai city near Tambaram off GST road.
Tarsha Water Sports Para-gliding, Jet Ski's, Power Boats, Wind Surfing, if you love the water this is the place, even if you are not there are lot of easier rides you can try. Tarsha is located close to Mahabalipuram Town.
'Ahaa' Water Park is a recently opened water park that focuses on family entertainment. There is a wave pool that generates waves of up to 3.5 feet and an octagonal slide with an overflowing mushroom in the center. There is ’a lazy river' so to say, where a constant current ensures your cruising along the banks or step under the 30-foot high water fall that spans 20 feet. The kiddies too have a pool. East Coast Road, Uthandi, Chennai Timings: 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. all days of the week
Little Folks Amusement park for children on the East coast Rd.
Dash n Splash Water Park on the Chennai - Bangalore Highway.
VGP Universal Kingdom, The oldest & the first amusement Park in Chennai is at the VGP Golden Beach, Crocodile Bank a breeding center for crocodiles, En route to mahabalipuram. 45 Kms from city.
Children's Park A mini zoo housing deers, monkeys, peacocks, reptiles & birds. A nice picnic spot on Sardar Vallabhai patel Rd, Guindy. 8.30 am - 5.30 pm, Tuesday is a holiday.
Guindy Snake Park adjoins the children's park. A wide collection of snakes from around the country, pythons, vipers, cobra etc.
ANNA ZOOLOGICAL PARK, The Zoo at Vandalur houses animals from all around the country, adding to the excitement are the elephant rides & the safari. The park is a 30 km ride from city near Tambaram.
VEDANTHANGAL Bird Sanctuary for rest house reservations contact the wild life warden at 49, 4th main rd, Adyar.
BIRLA PLANETARIUM, A Sky theatre with a seating capacity of 236, it also has a science & technology exhibition centre. Located near Anna University campus.
Dance Academies
Some of the renowned dance academies in Chennai are:
Swingers:An innovative studio of dance, Swingers caters to the western dance culture that is becoming increasingly popular in Chennai. Swingers are also into event management. They organized the Millennium event at the MGM Beach resort. Swingers have various dance courses for all age groups. The classes are divided into three levels - Beginner's, Elementary and Intermediate. Fundamental 'Jazz' is for juniors and teens. Jazz itself has three levels - level a, level B and level C. Take classes in Latin-American dance, Cha-Cha-Cha, Lambada, Samba, Ballroom, Quick Step, Foxtrot, Special Party Dance, Disco Funk and Club Salsa. Crash courses are conducted in the months of April and May. Swingers also have a branch in Kilpauk Garden. Located at Challa Mall, 605, 6th Floor, 11, Sir Thyagaraya Road,Pondy bazaar, Chennai 600 017,Kalakshetra: Founded in 1936, by Rukmini Devi Arundale and her husband Dr George Arundale, Kalakshetra has played a significant part in the revival of Indian art and crafts; especially the dance form of Bharatnatyam. Kalakshetra is situated on a sprawling 100-acre campus at Adyar. Students enjoy greenery and the sea while learning the traditional dance and music. Today, some of the most respected exponents in the performing arts are products of Kalakshetra. The School of Dance draws inspiration from the ancient 'Gurukulam' system (where the Student or Sishya lived with, learnt from and served the Teacher or Guru). The Kalakshetra Foundation comprises the Rukmini Devi College of Fine Arts, the Besant Arundale Senior Secondary School, the Besant Theosophical High School, the Craft Education and Research Centre, the Bharata Kalakshetra Auditorium and the Dr U. V. Swaminatha Iyer Library.
Kuchipudi Art Academy:
Eminent teacher Dr Vempati Chinna Satyam founded this Academy in 1963 to promote graceful Kuchipudi dance originating in Northern Andhra Pradesh. Located at 105, Greenway’s Road.
Swingers:An innovative studio of dance, Swingers caters to the western dance culture that is becoming increasingly popular in Chennai. Swingers are also into event management. They organized the Millennium event at the MGM Beach resort. Swingers have various dance courses for all age groups. The classes are divided into three levels - Beginner's, Elementary and Intermediate. Fundamental 'Jazz' is for juniors and teens. Jazz itself has three levels - level a, level B and level C. Take classes in Latin-American dance, Cha-Cha-Cha, Lambada, Samba, Ballroom, Quick Step, Foxtrot, Special Party Dance, Disco Funk and Club Salsa. Crash courses are conducted in the months of April and May. Swingers also have a branch in Kilpauk Garden. Located at Challa Mall, 605, 6th Floor, 11, Sir Thyagaraya Road,Pondy bazaar, Chennai 600 017,Kalakshetra: Founded in 1936, by Rukmini Devi Arundale and her husband Dr George Arundale, Kalakshetra has played a significant part in the revival of Indian art and crafts; especially the dance form of Bharatnatyam. Kalakshetra is situated on a sprawling 100-acre campus at Adyar. Students enjoy greenery and the sea while learning the traditional dance and music. Today, some of the most respected exponents in the performing arts are products of Kalakshetra. The School of Dance draws inspiration from the ancient 'Gurukulam' system (where the Student or Sishya lived with, learnt from and served the Teacher or Guru). The Kalakshetra Foundation comprises the Rukmini Devi College of Fine Arts, the Besant Arundale Senior Secondary School, the Besant Theosophical High School, the Craft Education and Research Centre, the Bharata Kalakshetra Auditorium and the Dr U. V. Swaminatha Iyer Library.
Kuchipudi Art Academy:
Eminent teacher Dr Vempati Chinna Satyam founded this Academy in 1963 to promote graceful Kuchipudi dance originating in Northern Andhra Pradesh. Located at 105, Greenway’s Road.
Music Academies
Established in August 1990, with the blessings of Carnatic music legend Sri Semangudi Srinivasa Iyer, Hamsadhwani was started to nurture and spread a treasured cultural heritage of music, dance, drama and other performing arts. The organization holds Carnatic music concerts by renowned maestros and young talented artists. Hamsadhwani conducts its megavanza, every March to May, cornering the attention of rasikas (music lovers) and musicians. Located in 8th Lane, Indira Nagar, Adyar, Chennai 600 020.
Chennai Music Academies: The music season starts from December in the city. This period offers a treat of concerts, conferences, competitions and workshops in Carnatic Music. The hub of all this activity is, the Chennai Music Academy. When the history of classical music is written, the activities of the Music Academy, spanning over six decades, is bound to form an important part of the annals. Inaugurated by Sir C.P.Ramaswami Aiyar in the autumn of 1928, the Academy has since exerted a chastening influence on public taste in music. Rasika Ranjani Sabha: One of the oldest sabhas in the city, Rasika Ranjani Sabha has been a catalyst in promoting ting classical music and dance in the region. Besides hosting concerts of renowned musicians and dancers, the sabha conducts music classes for vocal and a few select string and percussion instruments. Established in 1930, the sabha has been the venue of several memorable performances by doyens of music - Musuri Subramaniya Iyer, Ariyakudi Ramanunja Iyengar, Palghat Mani Iyer, Mannargudi Sambasiva Iyer, Rajarathinam Pillai, Mysore Duraiswamy Iyengar and Balakrishna Sastrigal. Apart from its usual monthly programmes, the sabha has been conducting an annual Music and Dance Festival in December and a dance week during the Navarathri celebrations.
Chennai Music Academies: The music season starts from December in the city. This period offers a treat of concerts, conferences, competitions and workshops in Carnatic Music. The hub of all this activity is, the Chennai Music Academy. When the history of classical music is written, the activities of the Music Academy, spanning over six decades, is bound to form an important part of the annals. Inaugurated by Sir C.P.Ramaswami Aiyar in the autumn of 1928, the Academy has since exerted a chastening influence on public taste in music. Rasika Ranjani Sabha: One of the oldest sabhas in the city, Rasika Ranjani Sabha has been a catalyst in promoting ting classical music and dance in the region. Besides hosting concerts of renowned musicians and dancers, the sabha conducts music classes for vocal and a few select string and percussion instruments. Established in 1930, the sabha has been the venue of several memorable performances by doyens of music - Musuri Subramaniya Iyer, Ariyakudi Ramanunja Iyengar, Palghat Mani Iyer, Mannargudi Sambasiva Iyer, Rajarathinam Pillai, Mysore Duraiswamy Iyengar and Balakrishna Sastrigal. Apart from its usual monthly programmes, the sabha has been conducting an annual Music and Dance Festival in December and a dance week during the Navarathri celebrations.
Hotels
The city of Chennai is the capital of the southernmost state of India, Tamil Nadu. Steeped in tradition and a rich history, and also a beneficiary of the modern IT revolution, Chennai is a fast growing metropolis with urban, historic as well as natural attractions. For the backpacker and the budget traveler, there are many cheap hotels in Chennai, India.
Balaji Resorts is a great budget resort. Located far away from the congested environs of Chennai city, the resort makes for an ideal weekend retreat. The 48 air-conditioned rooms consist of 6 luxury suites, 34 double rooms, and 8 single rooms, where weary travelers can seek respite from the heat. Food lovers can savor the delights of the restaurant of Balaji Resorts that serves North Indian and South Indian dishes. The resort also features all the amenities you’d require and is located 35 km from the airport.
The Buharis Blue Lagoon Hotel at 79-A, East Coast Road, Neelankari, is also a budget hospitality destination. Apart from all the modern amenities, the hotel also features a facility to catch up on the latest movies, games both indoor and outdoor, as well as a swimming pool. The in-house restaurant offers North Indian, South Indian, and other dishes.
Another cheap hotel in Chennai is the Blue Diamond. It is located at the heart of Chennai, at the Poonamallee High Road, making it easy to visit the city’s major tourist attractions. The rooms are furnished with modern amenities as well. There are plenty of other cheap hotels in Chennai, including Hotel Vaigai and Udipi Home where you can experience the warmth of hospitality and sample some delicious and spicy vegetarian and non-vegetarian Indian food. It’s time to head to the metropolis of South India!
Balaji Resorts is a great budget resort. Located far away from the congested environs of Chennai city, the resort makes for an ideal weekend retreat. The 48 air-conditioned rooms consist of 6 luxury suites, 34 double rooms, and 8 single rooms, where weary travelers can seek respite from the heat. Food lovers can savor the delights of the restaurant of Balaji Resorts that serves North Indian and South Indian dishes. The resort also features all the amenities you’d require and is located 35 km from the airport.
The Buharis Blue Lagoon Hotel at 79-A, East Coast Road, Neelankari, is also a budget hospitality destination. Apart from all the modern amenities, the hotel also features a facility to catch up on the latest movies, games both indoor and outdoor, as well as a swimming pool. The in-house restaurant offers North Indian, South Indian, and other dishes.
Another cheap hotel in Chennai is the Blue Diamond. It is located at the heart of Chennai, at the Poonamallee High Road, making it easy to visit the city’s major tourist attractions. The rooms are furnished with modern amenities as well. There are plenty of other cheap hotels in Chennai, including Hotel Vaigai and Udipi Home where you can experience the warmth of hospitality and sample some delicious and spicy vegetarian and non-vegetarian Indian food. It’s time to head to the metropolis of South India!
Sports
Launched in April 1997. It offers day trips and overnight camps promoting the adventurous spirit in every individual by organizing activities like camping, trekking, jungle walks, cycling treks, coracle rides etc. The 'out-bound exercises', besides providing opportunity to visit places, bring the interest groups together to face the challenges of survival out in the wilderness, fostering self-reliance and bonding within the group.
Targeted at family groups, Wildertrails strongly advocates participation of children and youngsters. With its systematic training programmes designed and conducted by specialists in the field, the Clubs main aim is to train children and youngsters and to equip them for outdoors. During longer vacations the Club organizes long camps even up to the Himalayas. The day and weekend trips mostly cover places around Chennai. The quarterly get together parties organized by the Club help the members to shed their inhibitions and they come together to meet the challenges in the outdoors. The Club organizes specialized itineraries for the interest groups coming from abroad too. There are two types of membership.
While the individual membership is Rs.1200/- per annum, it is Rs.2000/- for a family of husband and wife and up to two children who are below 16 years. Children above 16 needs to become individual members. When one becomes a member for one year the second year membership is offered free. Members get a reasonable discount on outing charges, which meet the expenses on food, transport and equipment usage during participation. They will also receive a free Member's Kit. The company aims to bring the benefits of the outdoors to expending group of people, mixing fun, adventure, training and learning. The Club has plans to offer water and aerial sports in a phased manner. So, discover the excitement of the great outdoors yourself!
Tarsha Water Sports is the first water sports facility for children, youngsters and families. It is located approximately 15 kilometers from Mahabalipuram on the East Coast Road. The water sports that are available are Water Skiing, Wake Boarding and Knee Boarding .The other facilities that you can indulge yourself are Kayaking, Double Tube rides Banana Boat Rides, Speed Boat Rides and Para-sailing. Tarsha Water Sports is open on Fridays from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. On Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays (10 a.m. to 6 p.m.). It is possible to book the facility on weekdays for private groups comprising a minimum of 15 people.
Targeted at family groups, Wildertrails strongly advocates participation of children and youngsters. With its systematic training programmes designed and conducted by specialists in the field, the Clubs main aim is to train children and youngsters and to equip them for outdoors. During longer vacations the Club organizes long camps even up to the Himalayas. The day and weekend trips mostly cover places around Chennai. The quarterly get together parties organized by the Club help the members to shed their inhibitions and they come together to meet the challenges in the outdoors. The Club organizes specialized itineraries for the interest groups coming from abroad too. There are two types of membership.
While the individual membership is Rs.1200/- per annum, it is Rs.2000/- for a family of husband and wife and up to two children who are below 16 years. Children above 16 needs to become individual members. When one becomes a member for one year the second year membership is offered free. Members get a reasonable discount on outing charges, which meet the expenses on food, transport and equipment usage during participation. They will also receive a free Member's Kit. The company aims to bring the benefits of the outdoors to expending group of people, mixing fun, adventure, training and learning. The Club has plans to offer water and aerial sports in a phased manner. So, discover the excitement of the great outdoors yourself!
Tarsha Water Sports is the first water sports facility for children, youngsters and families. It is located approximately 15 kilometers from Mahabalipuram on the East Coast Road. The water sports that are available are Water Skiing, Wake Boarding and Knee Boarding .The other facilities that you can indulge yourself are Kayaking, Double Tube rides Banana Boat Rides, Speed Boat Rides and Para-sailing. Tarsha Water Sports is open on Fridays from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. On Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays (10 a.m. to 6 p.m.). It is possible to book the facility on weekdays for private groups comprising a minimum of 15 people.
Tamil Cinema
Tamil cinema also referred to as the Cinema of Tamil Nadu, the Tamil film industry, or Chennai film industry is the chennai based Tamil language filmmaking industry of the south indian state of Tamil nadu. It is based in the Kodambakkam district of Chennai, where several Tamil language feature film are produced, which has led to a colloquial reference to it as Kollywood.Silent movies were produced in Chennai since 1916 and the era of talkies dawned in 1931 with the film Kalidas. By the end of the 1930s, the industry was booming to the extent that the State of Madras legislature passed the pioneering Entertainment Tax Act 1939 with little opposition. Tamil Nadu cinema has had a profound effect on the film making industries of India, with Chennai becoming a hub for the filmmaking industries of other languages . Tamil–language films are further made in other countries.
Like bollywood gets its name from Bombay and Hollywood, the Tamil industry gets its name from Kodambakkam where the industry is based and Hollywood. This is the second biggest industry in India. Tamil movie makers unlike their Hindi counterparts are far more original in their scripts. Very often you will find that a lot of Hindi movies are remakes of hit Tamil movies. Big stars like Amitabh Bachchan, Salman Khan and Anil Kapoor are known to have acted in Tamil remakes. Some Tamil movies have been such big hits that they have been dubbed and released in Hindi too and they have been very big hits like. The current Big B of the Tamil industry is Rajnikant. This is an actor who has been acting in the Tamil film industry from the black and white era and is still going very strong. His last movie was Chandramukhi where he plays a psychologist. Born in 1950, there is nothing that can stop this star. He has acted in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, English, Kannada, Bengali and Malayalam. Rajnikant is not only a hit in India, his movies sell like hot cakes both in Singapore and Japan. Now the industry is crowded with a lot of young stars. Each male star has a different nick name by which his fans know hi like-Super star- Rajnikant, Ultimate star- Ajith, Captain- Vijaykant, Ilaya Talapathi Leader of the youth)- Vijay etc. The year 2006 has been a very different year for Kollywood as many movies came out this year but only the movies which were different stood out. This year another big thing was that the industry hits were all given by Malayalam actresses. Normally Kollywood is ruled by the Hindi actresses. This year Jyothika married Actor Surya and now there aren’t any more Hindi actresses
Like bollywood gets its name from Bombay and Hollywood, the Tamil industry gets its name from Kodambakkam where the industry is based and Hollywood. This is the second biggest industry in India. Tamil movie makers unlike their Hindi counterparts are far more original in their scripts. Very often you will find that a lot of Hindi movies are remakes of hit Tamil movies. Big stars like Amitabh Bachchan, Salman Khan and Anil Kapoor are known to have acted in Tamil remakes. Some Tamil movies have been such big hits that they have been dubbed and released in Hindi too and they have been very big hits like. The current Big B of the Tamil industry is Rajnikant. This is an actor who has been acting in the Tamil film industry from the black and white era and is still going very strong. His last movie was Chandramukhi where he plays a psychologist. Born in 1950, there is nothing that can stop this star. He has acted in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, English, Kannada, Bengali and Malayalam. Rajnikant is not only a hit in India, his movies sell like hot cakes both in Singapore and Japan. Now the industry is crowded with a lot of young stars. Each male star has a different nick name by which his fans know hi like-Super star- Rajnikant, Ultimate star- Ajith, Captain- Vijaykant, Ilaya Talapathi Leader of the youth)- Vijay etc. The year 2006 has been a very different year for Kollywood as many movies came out this year but only the movies which were different stood out. This year another big thing was that the industry hits were all given by Malayalam actresses. Normally Kollywood is ruled by the Hindi actresses. This year Jyothika married Actor Surya and now there aren’t any more Hindi actresses
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GeeDeesInfoSolutionsPvt.Ltd.Gee Dees Info Solutions is specialized in offering BPO services for your Data related and customer support services.< They provide Data Entry and Conversion, Document Scanning and Management for your business needs, Market Research- Data collection through CATI.
AblandigAblandig, a BPO service provider company engaged in the field of Accounting and Financial Services, Insurance Services, Data Entry Processing, Data Conversion, Transaction Processing, Call and Support services etc.
ABPOCSystemsPvt.Ltd.Located in West Chennai, ABPOC is an established BPO service provider. They provide Software Development, Data entry, Data processing, Form filling, Account maintaining, and Call center (both inbound and outbound) and Medical Billing.
ACRISInfomatics(P)Ltd.Set up in 2000, Acris Infomatics is an ITES/BPO company which provides quality Medical Transcription services, Medical Billing and Coding and Data Processing.
AllZoneManagementSolutionsIt is a leading BPO company located in California, US and Chennai in India. It offers a comprehensive range of Offshore services that span from Medical Billing Outsourcing, Hospital Billing, Call Center Offshore services, Offshore Pryor/Insurance Processing, Global Nursing consulting etc.
AmbalTechnologiesAmbal Technologies is one of leading BPO/ITES organization in Chennai from the year 2000. They provide a wide range of services includes Data Entry Services, Form Processing Services, Data Conversion Services and E-Book publishing.
A-OneBizSolutionsPvt.Ltd.A-One Biz Solutions is a fast growing company specialized in Business process management and Software development. Established in 2001, they offer complete end to end Medical Billing solutions to physicians and healthcare entities in US.
C&MDigitalsPvt.LtdEstablished in 1998, C&M is a professionally managed organization, specialized in typesetting technical, medical, scientific, law and social science books and journals. They are well equipped with the very latest State-of-the-Art technology.
CEEMAGHTechnologiesPvtLtd.Located in West Chennai, CEE MAGH Technologies provides the best quality solution in the word of Business Processing Outsourcing includes inbound call center service, outbound call center services, order taking, customer service, class and seminar registration, answering services and web enabled customer support.
CenzaTechnologiesIncorporated in 1999, Cenza Technologies is a specialist provider of legal services. They served the legal community and focused on innovating outsourced solutions in document and content management.
RathnaTechnologiesLocated in West Chennai, Rathna Technologies is an integrated BPO/ITES company which provides the full range of state-of -the-art, customized data conversion solution to its customers.
Crystaltechnologies
Crystal technologies are a technology oriented company providing Data Conversion, Data Transcription, Data Processing services for its clients.
ConcordeDigitalTechnologiesPvt.Ltd.Concorde Digital Technologies is a Chennai based BPO company, providing services primarily to the U.S. healthcare industry. Concorde's spectrum of services covers the areas includes Medical Transcription, Medical Coding and Billing etc.
DCSBPOset up in 1997; they provide quality pre-press and Internet content solutions. DCS BPO is perfectly poised to offer a plethora of business process outsourcing solutions.
ExcelEditServicesPvt.Ltd. Located in South Chennai, Excel Edit offers copy editing and proof reading services to publishers of books and journals as well as authors.
ExeterPremediaServicesExeter is a Chennai based BPO company, provides high technology services and media support solutions to a full range of publishing and media clients. They provide fast, reliable and the highest quality services in these industry.
EpisourceFounded in 2000, Episource is an Information Technology Services Company based in Los Angeles, U.S.A, with dedicated processing centers located in Chennai, India. They offer services like Healthcare, Finance & Accounting, and Print & Publishing.
AblandigAblandig, a BPO service provider company engaged in the field of Accounting and Financial Services, Insurance Services, Data Entry Processing, Data Conversion, Transaction Processing, Call and Support services etc.
ABPOCSystemsPvt.Ltd.Located in West Chennai, ABPOC is an established BPO service provider. They provide Software Development, Data entry, Data processing, Form filling, Account maintaining, and Call center (both inbound and outbound) and Medical Billing.
ACRISInfomatics(P)Ltd.Set up in 2000, Acris Infomatics is an ITES/BPO company which provides quality Medical Transcription services, Medical Billing and Coding and Data Processing.
AllZoneManagementSolutionsIt is a leading BPO company located in California, US and Chennai in India. It offers a comprehensive range of Offshore services that span from Medical Billing Outsourcing, Hospital Billing, Call Center Offshore services, Offshore Pryor/Insurance Processing, Global Nursing consulting etc.
AmbalTechnologiesAmbal Technologies is one of leading BPO/ITES organization in Chennai from the year 2000. They provide a wide range of services includes Data Entry Services, Form Processing Services, Data Conversion Services and E-Book publishing.
A-OneBizSolutionsPvt.Ltd.A-One Biz Solutions is a fast growing company specialized in Business process management and Software development. Established in 2001, they offer complete end to end Medical Billing solutions to physicians and healthcare entities in US.
C&MDigitalsPvt.LtdEstablished in 1998, C&M is a professionally managed organization, specialized in typesetting technical, medical, scientific, law and social science books and journals. They are well equipped with the very latest State-of-the-Art technology.
CEEMAGHTechnologiesPvtLtd.Located in West Chennai, CEE MAGH Technologies provides the best quality solution in the word of Business Processing Outsourcing includes inbound call center service, outbound call center services, order taking, customer service, class and seminar registration, answering services and web enabled customer support.
CenzaTechnologiesIncorporated in 1999, Cenza Technologies is a specialist provider of legal services. They served the legal community and focused on innovating outsourced solutions in document and content management.
RathnaTechnologiesLocated in West Chennai, Rathna Technologies is an integrated BPO/ITES company which provides the full range of state-of -the-art, customized data conversion solution to its customers.
Crystaltechnologies
Crystal technologies are a technology oriented company providing Data Conversion, Data Transcription, Data Processing services for its clients.
ConcordeDigitalTechnologiesPvt.Ltd.Concorde Digital Technologies is a Chennai based BPO company, providing services primarily to the U.S. healthcare industry. Concorde's spectrum of services covers the areas includes Medical Transcription, Medical Coding and Billing etc.
DCSBPOset up in 1997; they provide quality pre-press and Internet content solutions. DCS BPO is perfectly poised to offer a plethora of business process outsourcing solutions.
ExcelEditServicesPvt.Ltd. Located in South Chennai, Excel Edit offers copy editing and proof reading services to publishers of books and journals as well as authors.
ExeterPremediaServicesExeter is a Chennai based BPO company, provides high technology services and media support solutions to a full range of publishing and media clients. They provide fast, reliable and the highest quality services in these industry.
EpisourceFounded in 2000, Episource is an Information Technology Services Company based in Los Angeles, U.S.A, with dedicated processing centers located in Chennai, India. They offer services like Healthcare, Finance & Accounting, and Print & Publishing.
Kerala
With the Arabian Sea in the west, the Western Ghats towering 500-2700 ms in the east and networked by 44 rivers, Kerala enjoys unique geographical features that have made it one of the most sought after tourist destinations in Asia. An equable climate. A long shoreline with serene beaches. Tranquil streches of emerald backwaters. Lush hill stations and exotic wildlife. Waterfalls. Sprawling plantations and paddy fields. Ayurvedic health holidays. Enchanting art forms. Magical festivals. Historic and cultural monuments. An exotic cuisine... All of which offer you a unique experience. And what's more, every one of these charming destinations is only a two hour drive from the other. A singular advantage no other destination offers.
In India, mythical legends associate themselves with the origin of a large number of states and Kerala too holds out the same affiliation. According to legends, Parsurama, the sage warrior, was responsible for the creation of Kerala. The story goes that Parsurama, enraged at the killing of his father at the hands of a Kshatriya king, vowed to eliminate entire Kshatriya clan 21 times. However, after completion of his vow, he was full of remorse and sorts the advice of learned men to rectify his mistakes. These people asked him to distribute all lands he had acquired from the kings between the Brahmins. Parshuram had no objection as he willingly agreed to do the same and also sat in penance at Gokarnam, which at that point of time was considered the end of land. The sea god Varuna, pleased with Parsurama's dedication offered him land equivalent to the distance he could throw his axe. Parsurama threw his axe with full might from Gokarnam and it fell at Kanyakumari. The sea in this area receded and gave way to what is today known as Kerala.
Kerala is one of the smallest states in the Indian union. Its area 38.855 square kilometers is just 1.3 percent of the total area of India. The land of India comprises the narrow coastal strip bounded by the Western Ghats n the east and the Arabian Sea on the west. In the words of Sreedhara Menon “Its unique geographical position and peculiar physical features have invested Kerala with a distinct individuality.” Hence it has played a vital role in the commercial and cultural history of India. Kerala has been describes “as the favorite child of nature.” Like Kashmir in the north, Kerala in the south is famous for its breath-taking natural beauty.
With its evergreen mountains, dense forests stately palms, swift flowing rivers, extensive backwaters and blue lagoons, it looks like a fairyland. This atmosphere of beauty and peace has nurtured religion and art in Kerala and enabled her to become a precious gem in the necklace of Indian culture. Indian poets of eminence have showered their praises for the abundance of its peppers, the fragrance of its sandal and the wealth of its coconuts. No part of India is so widely known or has played so important a part in world history as Kerala.
In India, mythical legends associate themselves with the origin of a large number of states and Kerala too holds out the same affiliation. According to legends, Parsurama, the sage warrior, was responsible for the creation of Kerala. The story goes that Parsurama, enraged at the killing of his father at the hands of a Kshatriya king, vowed to eliminate entire Kshatriya clan 21 times. However, after completion of his vow, he was full of remorse and sorts the advice of learned men to rectify his mistakes. These people asked him to distribute all lands he had acquired from the kings between the Brahmins. Parshuram had no objection as he willingly agreed to do the same and also sat in penance at Gokarnam, which at that point of time was considered the end of land. The sea god Varuna, pleased with Parsurama's dedication offered him land equivalent to the distance he could throw his axe. Parsurama threw his axe with full might from Gokarnam and it fell at Kanyakumari. The sea in this area receded and gave way to what is today known as Kerala.
Kerala is one of the smallest states in the Indian union. Its area 38.855 square kilometers is just 1.3 percent of the total area of India. The land of India comprises the narrow coastal strip bounded by the Western Ghats n the east and the Arabian Sea on the west. In the words of Sreedhara Menon “Its unique geographical position and peculiar physical features have invested Kerala with a distinct individuality.” Hence it has played a vital role in the commercial and cultural history of India. Kerala has been describes “as the favorite child of nature.” Like Kashmir in the north, Kerala in the south is famous for its breath-taking natural beauty.
With its evergreen mountains, dense forests stately palms, swift flowing rivers, extensive backwaters and blue lagoons, it looks like a fairyland. This atmosphere of beauty and peace has nurtured religion and art in Kerala and enabled her to become a precious gem in the necklace of Indian culture. Indian poets of eminence have showered their praises for the abundance of its peppers, the fragrance of its sandal and the wealth of its coconuts. No part of India is so widely known or has played so important a part in world history as Kerala.
Islands
clear history of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands can be had only from a British Survey of these islands conducted in 1777. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands remained the abode of the Negritos and the Mongoloids respectively, who occupied the Islands for centuries. These islands remained secluded from the mainland till the end of the 18th Century when people from the outside world first arrived. In the Second Century, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were located in the maps prepared by the great Greek astronomer, mathematician and geographer, Claudius Ptolemaeus, which possibly is the earliest reference to these islands. The early history of Nicobar is not well known although these islands were familiar to traders in ancient times, the islands being situated close to the trade route to the Far East. Though little is known about Portuguese activities in these islands, it is evident that the Portuguese missionaries started preaching Christianity among the islanders. The Nicobarese language also reflects a few Portuguese words
An island in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, it offers a breath taking underwater view of coral and marine life. It is an ideal place for snorkeling, sea bathing and basking on the sun kissed beach. The lure of underwater coral gardens and unspoiled beaches specially a sand bar joining two islands are irresistible. Super place for SCUBA diving, swimming, fishing and Camping. Another island in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park has a nice beach and offers spectacular view of corals and marine life.
About 38 Kms. from Port Blair, this island provides idyllic resort in the lap of virgin beach and unpolluted environment. Camping facility is available near Radhanagar beach. A guesthouse of Tourism Department "Dolphin Resort" is available for the tourists. At a distance of about 135 Kms. from Port Blair is the land of volcano, Barren Island, the only active volcano in India. The Island, about 3 Kms. has a big crater of the volcano, rising abruptly from the sea, about 1/2 Km. from the shore and is about 150 fathoms deep. Can be visited on board vessels.
Once the seat of British power and capital of these Islands, it stands now as a ruin of the bygone days with the old structure almost in debris. A small museum named 'Smritika' holds photographs and the other antiques of the Britishers relevant to these islands. The Britishers used to harbor convicts here. The first jail was constructed here which was abandoned after the construction of Cellular Jail. It has a gallows atop a hillock, where condemned prisoners were hanged. Sher Ali, who killed Lord Mayo, the Viceroy of India in 1872, was also hanged here. It has a Saw Mill lying on the tiny island connected by a bridge over a stretch of sea-water. This Saw Mill is one of the biggest and oldest in Asia. The main mainland -Island harbour is also here. The other harbour is Haddo
An island in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, it offers a breath taking underwater view of coral and marine life. It is an ideal place for snorkeling, sea bathing and basking on the sun kissed beach. The lure of underwater coral gardens and unspoiled beaches specially a sand bar joining two islands are irresistible. Super place for SCUBA diving, swimming, fishing and Camping. Another island in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park has a nice beach and offers spectacular view of corals and marine life.
About 38 Kms. from Port Blair, this island provides idyllic resort in the lap of virgin beach and unpolluted environment. Camping facility is available near Radhanagar beach. A guesthouse of Tourism Department "Dolphin Resort" is available for the tourists. At a distance of about 135 Kms. from Port Blair is the land of volcano, Barren Island, the only active volcano in India. The Island, about 3 Kms. has a big crater of the volcano, rising abruptly from the sea, about 1/2 Km. from the shore and is about 150 fathoms deep. Can be visited on board vessels.
Once the seat of British power and capital of these Islands, it stands now as a ruin of the bygone days with the old structure almost in debris. A small museum named 'Smritika' holds photographs and the other antiques of the Britishers relevant to these islands. The Britishers used to harbor convicts here. The first jail was constructed here which was abandoned after the construction of Cellular Jail. It has a gallows atop a hillock, where condemned prisoners were hanged. Sher Ali, who killed Lord Mayo, the Viceroy of India in 1872, was also hanged here. It has a Saw Mill lying on the tiny island connected by a bridge over a stretch of sea-water. This Saw Mill is one of the biggest and oldest in Asia. The main mainland -Island harbour is also here. The other harbour is Haddo
Anaconda
The Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) is a semi-aquatic snake found in Central America and mostly in tropical South America. It belongs to the Boa family, Boidae, and is dark green in colour with round black markings. A smaller species is the Yellow Anaconda (E. notaeus), which is yellowish green with irregular dark blotches. Not only does it have a bright looking skin with a distinct colour pattern, but also it is also BIG, I mean, really LOOOO...NG! It may reach a length of even 25 feet which is roughly four times a reasonably tall adult human being! (Pythons, however, are much longer, and have been recorded to be of even 33 feet!) And what's more, the Giant Anaconda
With all that, would you believe that the Anaconda is not venomous? In fact, less than one-third of the 2,500 to 3,000 snake species known are poisonous and even fewer than 300 species may be fatal to humans. But sadly, snakes have, almost always, an ominous presence in the minds of people as dark and deadly poisonous creatures, which is created and perpetuated by myths, folklore, books, films, etc. Quite on the contrary, if you actually happen to come by a snake, in all probability it will be more scared of you than you will be of it! And it would not harm you if you don't harm it either.
But, our handsome friend here, the Anaconda, is quite different from other snakes. It kills by constriction, that is, it wraps itself strongly around its prey, squeezing and suffocating the animal to death. And then it swallows its meal whole! And sometimes it might take even several weeks to digest a single prey! Oh, what a lazy and gluttonous animal it is! Anacondas can swallow animals as big as full-grown deer. The Anaconda can glide smoothly and easily in water just like a submarine. Its eyes and nostrils are strategically placed on its small flat head, which peer above the surface of the water like a periscope. This allows the animal to ambush its prey, for example an unsuspecting water bird, without chasing it. The mating habits of Anacondas are rather interesting. Many males may fight among themselves to mate with a single female.
Researchers have seen as many as 13 male anacondas writhe and wriggle in such a fight, which looks more like a slow-motion wrestling match that lasts for several weeks! The female and male are different in appearance for the female is five times bulkier than the male! This difference in size between the sexes is much greater in Anacondas than in any other animal. Most snakes lay eggs which then hatch after a period of time to bring forth the young. The Anaconda's eggs, on the other hand, hatch just before laying, and the mother Anaconda gives birth to several baby Anacondas. Sometimes, a clutch (the place where the young snakes are born) may have more than 70 newborns! With such a large brood, Mama Anaconda might be feeling rather proud! Researchers are uncertain, though, whether a single male or more father the offspring.
With all that, would you believe that the Anaconda is not venomous? In fact, less than one-third of the 2,500 to 3,000 snake species known are poisonous and even fewer than 300 species may be fatal to humans. But sadly, snakes have, almost always, an ominous presence in the minds of people as dark and deadly poisonous creatures, which is created and perpetuated by myths, folklore, books, films, etc. Quite on the contrary, if you actually happen to come by a snake, in all probability it will be more scared of you than you will be of it! And it would not harm you if you don't harm it either.
But, our handsome friend here, the Anaconda, is quite different from other snakes. It kills by constriction, that is, it wraps itself strongly around its prey, squeezing and suffocating the animal to death. And then it swallows its meal whole! And sometimes it might take even several weeks to digest a single prey! Oh, what a lazy and gluttonous animal it is! Anacondas can swallow animals as big as full-grown deer. The Anaconda can glide smoothly and easily in water just like a submarine. Its eyes and nostrils are strategically placed on its small flat head, which peer above the surface of the water like a periscope. This allows the animal to ambush its prey, for example an unsuspecting water bird, without chasing it. The mating habits of Anacondas are rather interesting. Many males may fight among themselves to mate with a single female.
Researchers have seen as many as 13 male anacondas writhe and wriggle in such a fight, which looks more like a slow-motion wrestling match that lasts for several weeks! The female and male are different in appearance for the female is five times bulkier than the male! This difference in size between the sexes is much greater in Anacondas than in any other animal. Most snakes lay eggs which then hatch after a period of time to bring forth the young. The Anaconda's eggs, on the other hand, hatch just before laying, and the mother Anaconda gives birth to several baby Anacondas. Sometimes, a clutch (the place where the young snakes are born) may have more than 70 newborns! With such a large brood, Mama Anaconda might be feeling rather proud! Researchers are uncertain, though, whether a single male or more father the offspring.
Sandalwood Essential Oil
Sandalwood is a tree with a highly aromatic wood. It is economically and culturally important to many countries around the Pacific and Eastern Indian Ocean regions where it grows or is traded. The wood is prized for making furniture, ornaments, sacred objects, carvings and joss sticks (incense). The essential oil is used in medicine, perfume and aromatherapy. Sandalwood oil is one of the most used perfume materials in the world, with over four millenia of historically proven continual use. It was formerly used as a pharmaceutical disinfectant, but its use has been discontinued due to the expense of the oil.
It is current in Ayurvedic medicine for urinary and respiratory infections, as well as for chronic and acute diarrhea. Therapeutically, it is used for treatment of stomache aches, vomiting, gonorrhea, and skin complaints in Chinese traditional medicine. In aromatherapy the oil is mostly prized for its skin care benefits for acne, chapped and cracked skin, aftershave rash (razorburn), and greasy skin. The circulatory system is the body's main system of transport.
Although there is continual research into the specific pathways and effectiveness of each oil, essential oils are generally absorbed into the circulatory system via absorption through the skin or mucous membranes. Once the oil molecules have entered the bloodstream they travel throughout the body and effect it according to their properties.Sandalwood (Santalum album) is a small evergreen tree that grows up to 30 feet with leathery leaves and small purple-pink flowers.
The essential oil is steam distilled from the dried and powdered roots and heartwood of trees that are at least 30 years old. It is indigenous to tropical Asia with India producing the highest quality oils in Mysore and Tamil Nadu for global export. China also produces substantial quantities of sandalwood oil, but it is all under contract to the Japanese. Other species are found in Australia, the West Indies, and Africa, but they are considered inferior to the quality of the oil from India.
It is current in Ayurvedic medicine for urinary and respiratory infections, as well as for chronic and acute diarrhea. Therapeutically, it is used for treatment of stomache aches, vomiting, gonorrhea, and skin complaints in Chinese traditional medicine. In aromatherapy the oil is mostly prized for its skin care benefits for acne, chapped and cracked skin, aftershave rash (razorburn), and greasy skin. The circulatory system is the body's main system of transport.
Although there is continual research into the specific pathways and effectiveness of each oil, essential oils are generally absorbed into the circulatory system via absorption through the skin or mucous membranes. Once the oil molecules have entered the bloodstream they travel throughout the body and effect it according to their properties.Sandalwood (Santalum album) is a small evergreen tree that grows up to 30 feet with leathery leaves and small purple-pink flowers.
The essential oil is steam distilled from the dried and powdered roots and heartwood of trees that are at least 30 years old. It is indigenous to tropical Asia with India producing the highest quality oils in Mysore and Tamil Nadu for global export. China also produces substantial quantities of sandalwood oil, but it is all under contract to the Japanese. Other species are found in Australia, the West Indies, and Africa, but they are considered inferior to the quality of the oil from India.
White house
For two hundred years, the White House has stood as a symbol of the Presidency, the United States government, and the American people. Its history, and the history of the nation's capital, began when President George Washington signed an Act of Congress in December of 1790 declaring that the federal government would reside in a district "not exceeding ten miles square…on the river Potomac." President Washington, together with city planner Pierre L’Enfant, chose the site for the new residence, which is now 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. As preparations began for the new federal city, a competition was held to find a builder of the "President’s House." Nine proposals were submitted, and Irish-born architect James Hoban won a gold medal for his practical and handsome design.
Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved in. Since that time, each President has made his own changes and additions. The White House is, after all, the President’s private home. It is also the only private residence of a head of state that is open to the public, free of charge.
The White House has a unique and fascinating history. It survived a fire at the hands of the British in 1814 (during the war of 1812) and another fire in the West Wing in 1929, while Herbert Hoover was President. Throughout much of Harry S. Truman’s presidency, the interior of the house, with the exception of the third floor, was completely gutted and renovated while the Trumans lived at Blair House, right across Pennsylvania Avenue. Nonetheless, the exterior stone walls are those first put in place when the White House was constructed two centuries ago.
Presidents can express their individual style in how they decorate some parts of the house and in how they receive the public during their stay. Thomas Jefferson held the first Inaugural open house in 1805. Many of those who attended the swearing-in ceremony at the U.S. Capitol simply followed him home, where he greeted them in the Blue Room. President Jefferson also opened the house for public tours, and it has remained open, except during wartime, ever since. In addition, he welcomed visitors to annual receptions on New Year’s Day and on the Fourth of July. In 1829, a horde of 20,000 Inaugural callers forced President Andrew Jackson to flee to the safety of a hotel while, on the lawn, aides filled washtubs with orange juice and whiskey to lure the mob out of the mud-tracked White House.
Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved in. Since that time, each President has made his own changes and additions. The White House is, after all, the President’s private home. It is also the only private residence of a head of state that is open to the public, free of charge.
The White House has a unique and fascinating history. It survived a fire at the hands of the British in 1814 (during the war of 1812) and another fire in the West Wing in 1929, while Herbert Hoover was President. Throughout much of Harry S. Truman’s presidency, the interior of the house, with the exception of the third floor, was completely gutted and renovated while the Trumans lived at Blair House, right across Pennsylvania Avenue. Nonetheless, the exterior stone walls are those first put in place when the White House was constructed two centuries ago.
Presidents can express their individual style in how they decorate some parts of the house and in how they receive the public during their stay. Thomas Jefferson held the first Inaugural open house in 1805. Many of those who attended the swearing-in ceremony at the U.S. Capitol simply followed him home, where he greeted them in the Blue Room. President Jefferson also opened the house for public tours, and it has remained open, except during wartime, ever since. In addition, he welcomed visitors to annual receptions on New Year’s Day and on the Fourth of July. In 1829, a horde of 20,000 Inaugural callers forced President Andrew Jackson to flee to the safety of a hotel while, on the lawn, aides filled washtubs with orange juice and whiskey to lure the mob out of the mud-tracked White House.
Mile-a-Minute Vine
Mile-a-Minute Vine was first reported growing wild in Pennsylvania in the late 1930’s, and has spread north from there. Connecticut has eighteen known locations; most of which occur in the southwestern part of the state. Massachusetts has two locations. No sites are known for New Hampshire, Maine or Vermont. For this reason, land conservationists are pushing to eliminate Mile-a-Minute Vine in New England before it becomes pervasive. Experience from Connecticut has shown that while seeds are dispersed by natural means (birds, rodents and water), the primary mode of distribution is through humans moving soil or plant material that contain the seed.
Mile-a-Minute Vine is a highly invasive herbaceous vine that is native to Eastern Asia. The name, Mile-a-Minute Vine, comes from the plant’s ability to grow as much as 6 inches in one day; making Black Swallowwort seems like slow-growing lichen. By the end of the growing season, plants form dense mats over existing vegetation. Although the species is an annual, vines persist through the winter giving new seedlings an ample armature on which to grow. Successive years of growth result in the death of underlying shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. The plant has been dubbed, “the Kudzu of the north”.
Mile-a-Minute Vine is tolerant of many growing conditions, with a preference for sunny, moist soils. The stem is covered with numerous downward pointing prickles, which give the plant its alternate common name, “Asian Tear-thumb.” The leaves are 1″ to 3” wide, forming a nearly perfect equilateral triangle. Prickles also occur along the mid-vein. A distinctive, saucer shaped leaf encircles the stem at each node. Seeds germinate in early to mid-May, with vines growing throughout the summer. Small white flowers appear in late August, and by September, the plant produces bright metallic blue berries which are fed on by birds and rodents.
The fruits are buoyant, so preventing spread along water courses is of primary concern. The dense, barbed growth greatly impairs access to areas for people and wildlife, and some have nick-named Mile-a-Minute Vine “The Velcro Plant” because of the clinging nature of the stems. Control of small populations is best achieved by hand pulling plants throughout the growing season, before fruit is set (generally mid-June to late September). Seeds remain viable in the soil for about seven years, so sites need annual attention to eradicate the plant. Herbicides, in the form of pre and post-emergent sprays, have also been effective, but must be used with a surfactant, and in accordance with the Label and state pesticide regulations.
Mile-a-Minute Vine is a highly invasive herbaceous vine that is native to Eastern Asia. The name, Mile-a-Minute Vine, comes from the plant’s ability to grow as much as 6 inches in one day; making Black Swallowwort seems like slow-growing lichen. By the end of the growing season, plants form dense mats over existing vegetation. Although the species is an annual, vines persist through the winter giving new seedlings an ample armature on which to grow. Successive years of growth result in the death of underlying shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. The plant has been dubbed, “the Kudzu of the north”.
Mile-a-Minute Vine is tolerant of many growing conditions, with a preference for sunny, moist soils. The stem is covered with numerous downward pointing prickles, which give the plant its alternate common name, “Asian Tear-thumb.” The leaves are 1″ to 3” wide, forming a nearly perfect equilateral triangle. Prickles also occur along the mid-vein. A distinctive, saucer shaped leaf encircles the stem at each node. Seeds germinate in early to mid-May, with vines growing throughout the summer. Small white flowers appear in late August, and by September, the plant produces bright metallic blue berries which are fed on by birds and rodents.
The fruits are buoyant, so preventing spread along water courses is of primary concern. The dense, barbed growth greatly impairs access to areas for people and wildlife, and some have nick-named Mile-a-Minute Vine “The Velcro Plant” because of the clinging nature of the stems. Control of small populations is best achieved by hand pulling plants throughout the growing season, before fruit is set (generally mid-June to late September). Seeds remain viable in the soil for about seven years, so sites need annual attention to eradicate the plant. Herbicides, in the form of pre and post-emergent sprays, have also been effective, but must be used with a surfactant, and in accordance with the Label and state pesticide regulations.
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